How is electric current measured?

Electric current is measured in amperes using devices like ammeters, multimeters, and clamp meters, depending on the specific application.

How is Electric Current Measured?

Electric current is a fundamental aspect of electrical engineering and is responsible for powering various devices and appliances we use daily. In this article, we will discuss how electric current is measured and the devices used for this purpose.

Units of Measurement

Electric current is measured in amperes, commonly abbreviated as ‘A’ or ‘amps.’ The ampere is the SI (International System of Units) unit for electric current, defined as one coulomb of charge passing through a point in a conductor per second.

Measuring Devices

There are several devices used to measure electric current, with the most common being the ammeter and the multimeter. These devices are designed to measure the flow of electric current through a circuit.

1. Ammeter: An ammeter is an instrument specifically designed to measure the electric current in a circuit. It must be connected in series with the circuit to measure the current passing through it. Ammeters have very low resistance, so they minimally affect the current they measure. Modern digital ammeters provide accurate and precise readings, while older analog ammeters use a moving coil and pointer system.
2. Multimeter: A multimeter is a versatile device that can measure various electrical parameters, including voltage, current, and resistance. It functions as an ammeter when set to measure current and connected in series with the circuit. Like an ammeter, the multimeter should have low resistance to minimize its impact on the circuit’s current. Digital multimeters are more commonly used today due to their accuracy and ease of use.

Clamp Meters

In some situations, it may not be practical to disconnect a circuit to insert an ammeter or multimeter. In these cases, a clamp meter can be used. Clamp meters measure current by detecting the magnetic field generated by the current flow. This non-invasive method allows for current measurement without disrupting the circuit.

Conclusion

Understanding electric current and how to measure it is crucial for electrical engineers and technicians. Various devices, such as ammeters, multimeters, and clamp meters, are used to measure electric current accurately and safely. Each method has its unique advantages, making it suitable for different applications and situations.