Explore six common electrical distribution systems, including radial, ring main, interconnected, meshed, spot network, and tree network.
Understanding the Most Common Electrical Distribution Systems
The electrical distribution system is an integral part of electrical engineering that ensures the transmission of electrical energy from the grid to end-users. This article presents six of the most common electrical distribution systems in use today.
1. Radial System
The radial distribution system is the simplest and most common type. The power supply comes from a single source and is distributed radially to the consumers. The primary advantage of this system is its simplicity and low cost, but a major disadvantage is that a fault at any point can interrupt the entire line.
2. Ring Main System
This distribution system involves a closed circuit of conductors. Unlike the radial system, if a fault occurs in a ring main system, the power can be supplied from both sides, thus minimizing the chance of a complete power outage.
3. Interconnected System
In an interconnected system, multiple power stations are connected and power is distributed to various parts of the network. This system offers high reliability as a fault in one station doesn’t interrupt the power supply from others.
4. Meshed System
The meshed system is a complex arrangement that offers multiple paths for the power to reach the consumer. This type of system is often used in metropolitan areas, where reliability is critical, as it can continue to function even if one path is interrupted.
5. Spot Network System
A spot network system is a type of distribution system often used in densely populated areas. It involves multiple transformers supplying power to a common bus. This system is highly reliable and efficient, though it can be expensive to implement.
6. Tree Network System
A tree network system, also known as a branched network, is a variant of the radial system with multiple branches extending from the main feeder. This system is common in residential areas, but like the radial system, it is susceptible to faults disrupting the entire branch.
In conclusion, the choice of an electrical distribution system depends on the specific requirements of reliability, cost, and complexity. Each system has its own merits and demerits, and the appropriate selection is vital for efficient and reliable power distribution.
