Explore the 5 most common electric welding techniques: SMAW, GMAW/MIG, GTAW/TIG, FCAW, and SAW, their uses and distinct features.
The 5 Most Common Electric Welding Techniques
Electric welding is a broad field with a variety of techniques used across different industries. This article focuses on the five most common types of electric welding techniques.
1. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
Also known as stick welding, SMAW is a manual welding technique that uses a flux-coated electrode. The electrode conducts electricity, creating a high-temperature arc that melts both the electrode and the base material, which then cools to form a joint.
2. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW/MIG)
GMAW, often referred to as Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding, involves a continuous and consumable wire electrode and shielding gas, fed through a welding gun. This technique is highly versatile and user-friendly, making it popular for both industrial and home use.
3. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG)
GTAW or Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld. This method offers superior precision but requires a higher level of skill to execute correctly.
4. Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
FCAW is similar to MIG welding but uses a special tubular wire filled with flux to protect the arc. This technique is well-suited to welding thick materials and outdoor applications due to its high welding speed and adaptability to windy conditions.
5. Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
The SAW process involves forming an arc between a continuously fed bare wire electrode and the workpiece. The weld and arc zone are submerged under a blanket of granular fusible flux which protects the weld zone from contamination.
In conclusion, each electric welding technique has its unique strengths and suitable applications. Choosing the right method depends on several factors, including the materials to be welded, the desired quality, speed, cost, and the welder’s skill level.
