{"id":80923,"date":"2024-01-14T13:22:05","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:22:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/"},"modified":"2024-01-20T10:11:50","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T10:11:50","slug":"equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/","title":{"rendered":"Equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell e campos eletromagn\u00e9ticos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell e Campos Eletromagn\u00e9ticos<\/h2>\n

As equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell s\u00e3o um conjunto de quatro equa\u00e7\u00f5es fundamentais que descrevem o comportamento dos campos el\u00e9tricos e magn\u00e9ticos. Formuladas por James Clerk Maxwell no s\u00e9culo 19, essas equa\u00e7\u00f5es unificaram a eletricidade e o magnetismo em uma \u00fanica teoria, conhecida como eletromagnetismo. Elas tamb\u00e9m levaram \u00e0 previs\u00e3o e subsequente descoberta das ondas eletromagn\u00e9ticas, que incluem ondas de r\u00e1dio, microondas, infravermelho, luz vis\u00edvel, ultravioleta, raios X e raios gama.<\/p>\n

As Quatro Equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell<\/h2>\n

Lei de Gauss para Eletricidade:<\/strong> Esta equa\u00e7\u00e3o relaciona o campo el\u00e9trico (E) \u00e0 densidade de carga el\u00e9trica (\u03c1) em uma regi\u00e3o. Afirma que o fluxo el\u00e9trico atrav\u00e9s de uma superf\u00edcie fechada \u00e9 proporcional \u00e0 carga total encerrada pela superf\u00edcie. Matematicamente, \u00e9 expressa como: \u222e E \u2022 dA = (1\/\u03b50<\/sub>) \u222b \u03c1 dV, onde \u222e E \u2022 dA \u00e9 o fluxo el\u00e9trico, \u03b50<\/sub> \u00e9 a permissividade do v\u00e1cuo e \u222b \u03c1 dV \u00e9 a carga total encerrada pela superf\u00edcie.<\/p>\n

Lei de Gauss para Magnetismo:<\/strong> Esta equa\u00e7\u00e3o afirma que o fluxo magn\u00e9tico l\u00edquido atrav\u00e9s de uma superf\u00edcie fechada \u00e9 zero. Em outras palavras, as linhas de campo magn\u00e9tico s\u00e3o sempre la\u00e7os fechados, e n\u00e3o existem monop\u00f3los magn\u00e9ticos (polos magn\u00e9ticos isolados norte ou sul). Matematicamente, \u00e9 expressa como: \u222e B \u2022 dA = 0, onde B \u00e9 o campo magn\u00e9tico e \u222e B \u2022 dA \u00e9 o fluxo magn\u00e9tico atrav\u00e9s da superf\u00edcie fechada.<\/p>\n

Lei de Faraday da Indu\u00e7\u00e3o Eletromagn\u00e9tica:<\/strong> A lei de Faraday afirma que um campo magn\u00e9tico em mudan\u00e7a induz uma for\u00e7a eletromotriz (FEM) e um campo el\u00e9trico em um la\u00e7o fechado. Este princ\u00edpio \u00e9 a base para geradores el\u00e9tricos e transformadores. Matematicamente, \u00e9 expressa como: \u222e E \u2022 dl = -d(\u222b B \u2022 dA)\/dt, onde \u222e E \u2022 dl \u00e9 a for\u00e7a eletromotriz (FEM) e -d(\u222b B \u2022 dA)\/dt representa a taxa de mudan\u00e7a do fluxo magn\u00e9tico.<\/p>\n

Lei de Amp\u00e8re com Adi\u00e7\u00e3o de Maxwell (Lei de Amp\u00e8re-Maxwell):<\/strong> Esta equa\u00e7\u00e3o relaciona o campo magn\u00e9tico (B) \u00e0 densidade de corrente el\u00e9trica (J) e ao campo el\u00e9trico em mudan\u00e7a (E). Afirma que o campo magn\u00e9tico ao redor de um la\u00e7o fechado \u00e9 proporcional \u00e0 corrente el\u00e9trica total que passa pelo la\u00e7o e \u00e0 taxa de mudan\u00e7a do fluxo el\u00e9trico. Matematicamente, \u00e9 expressa como: \u222e B \u2022 dl = \u03bc0<\/sub> ( \u222b J \u2022 dA + \u03b50<\/sub> * d(\u222b E \u2022 dA)\/dt ), onde \u222e B \u2022 dl \u00e9 a circula\u00e7\u00e3o do campo magn\u00e9tico, \u03bc0<\/sub> \u00e9 a permeabilidade do v\u00e1cuo, \u222b J \u2022 dA \u00e9 a corrente el\u00e9trica total passando pelo la\u00e7o e \u03b50<\/sub> * d(\u222b E \u2022 dA)\/dt representa a taxa de mudan\u00e7a do fluxo el\u00e9trico.<\/p>\n

Impacto das Equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell<\/h2>\n

As equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell s\u00e3o a base do eletromagnetismo cl\u00e1ssico e desempenham um papel crucial na compreens\u00e3o do comportamento dos campos eletromagn\u00e9ticos e ondas. Elas t\u00eam sido extensivamente utilizadas para desenvolver in\u00fameras tecnologias, incluindo r\u00e1dio, televis\u00e3o, radar e sistemas de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o sem fio.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell s\u00e3o um conjunto de quatro equa\u00e7\u00f5es fundamentais que descrevem o comportamento dos campos el\u00e9tricos e magn\u00e9ticos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1581,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\nEqua\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell e campos eletromagn\u00e9ticos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell s\u00e3o um conjunto de quatro equa\u00e7\u00f5es fundamentais que descrevem o comportamento dos campos el\u00e9tricos e magn\u00e9ticos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell e campos eletromagn\u00e9ticos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell s\u00e3o um conjunto de quatro equa\u00e7\u00f5es fundamentais que descrevem o comportamento dos campos el\u00e9tricos e magn\u00e9ticos.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Electricity - Magnetism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-14T13:22:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-20T10:11:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/logo.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Matan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/\",\"name\":\"Electricity - Magnetism\",\"description\":\"All about electricity and magnetism.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/logo.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200,\"caption\":\"Eletromagnetismo\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/\",\"name\":\"Equa\\u00e7\\u00f5es de Maxwell e campos eletromagn\\u00e9ticos\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-14T13:22:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-20T10:11:50+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/68f28ba0ad08ef355b436c5222a40b29\"},\"description\":\"As equa\\u00e7\\u00f5es de Maxwell s\\u00e3o um conjunto de quatro equa\\u00e7\\u00f5es fundamentais que descrevem o comportamento dos campos el\\u00e9tricos e magn\\u00e9ticos.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/electricity-magnetism-page\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Equa\\u00e7\\u00f5es de Maxwell e campos eletromagn\\u00e9ticos\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/68f28ba0ad08ef355b436c5222a40b29\",\"name\":\"Matan\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/author\/matan\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell e campos eletromagn\u00e9ticos","description":"As equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell s\u00e3o um conjunto de quatro equa\u00e7\u00f5es fundamentais que descrevem o comportamento dos campos el\u00e9tricos e magn\u00e9ticos.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/","og_locale":"pt_BR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell e campos eletromagn\u00e9ticos","og_description":"As equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell s\u00e3o um conjunto de quatro equa\u00e7\u00f5es fundamentais que descrevem o comportamento dos campos el\u00e9tricos e magn\u00e9ticos.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/","og_site_name":"Electricity - Magnetism","article_published_time":"2024-01-14T13:22:05+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-01-20T10:11:50+00:00","og_image":[{"width":200,"height":200,"url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/logo.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"Matan","Est. tempo de leitura":"3 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/","name":"Electricity - Magnetism","description":"All about electricity and magnetism.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"pt-BR","url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/logo.png","width":200,"height":200,"caption":"Eletromagnetismo"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/","name":"Equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell e campos eletromagn\u00e9ticos","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2024-01-14T13:22:05+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-20T10:11:50+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/68f28ba0ad08ef355b436c5222a40b29"},"description":"As equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell s\u00e3o um conjunto de quatro equa\u00e7\u00f5es fundamentais que descrevem o comportamento dos campos el\u00e9tricos e magn\u00e9ticos.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/equacoes-de-maxwell-e-campos-eletromagneticos\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/electricity-magnetism-page\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Equa\u00e7\u00f5es de Maxwell e campos eletromagn\u00e9ticos"}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/68f28ba0ad08ef355b436c5222a40b29","name":"Matan","url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/author\/matan\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80923"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80923\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}