{"id":80561,"date":"2024-01-14T13:10:01","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:10:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/"},"modified":"2024-01-20T09:53:09","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T09:53:09","slug":"bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/","title":{"rendered":"Bateria de N\u00edquel Metal Hidreto &#8211; Como funciona | Rea\u00e7\u00e3o e Qu\u00edmica"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Bateria de N\u00edquel-Hidreto Met\u00e1lico (NiMH): Funcionamento e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h2>\n<h2>Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p>A bateria de N\u00edquel-Hidreto Met\u00e1lico, conhecida como NiMH, \u00e9 uma bateria recarreg\u00e1vel que tem se destacado desde sua introdu\u00e7\u00e3o comercial em 1989. Originalmente utilizada em computadores port\u00e1teis, hoje \u00e9 amplamente empregada em ve\u00edculos h\u00edbridos el\u00e9tricos e representa cerca de 10% do mercado total de baterias recarreg\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n<h2>Compara\u00e7\u00e3o com Baterias NiCd<\/h2>\n<p>Em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com as baterias de N\u00edquel-C\u00e1dmio (NiCd), as baterias NiMH oferecem 40% mais energia espec\u00edfica, resultando em aproximadamente o dobro de capacidade. Al\u00e9m disso, s\u00e3o menos afetadas pela depress\u00e3o de tens\u00e3o e, crucialmente, n\u00e3o cont\u00eam o t\u00f3xico c\u00e1dmio. O efeito mem\u00f3ria das baterias NiMH \u00e9 significativamente menor que o das baterias de n\u00edquel-c\u00e1dmio.<\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u00edmica da Bateria NiMH<\/h2>\n<p>Uma c\u00e9lula NiMH t\u00edpica cont\u00e9m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1todo: uma placa de eletrodo positivo de \u00f3xido-hidr\u00f3xido de n\u00edquel(III).<\/li>\n<li>\u00c2nodo: um hidreto met\u00e1lico, uma liga que absorve hidrog\u00eanio.<\/li>\n<li>Separador e Eletr\u00f3lito: uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o alcalina de hidr\u00f3xido de pot\u00e1ssio (KOH).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O componente M no eletrodo negativo \u00e9 um composto intermet\u00e1lico, sendo as ligas baseadas em AB<sub>5<\/sub> as mais importantes comercialmente. Estas ligas s\u00e3o compostas por elementos com forte afinidade com o hidrog\u00eanio, como lant\u00e2nio e cerium, e elementos com fraca afinidade, como n\u00edquel e cobalto.<\/p>\n<h2>Estrutura e Rea\u00e7\u00f5es Qu\u00edmicas<\/h2>\n<p>A estrutura em camadas de uma c\u00e9lula NiMH redonda inclui:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Uma folha perfurada externa que carrega o p\u00f3 do hidreto met\u00e1lico, formando o eletrodo negativo.<\/li>\n<li>Um separador que cont\u00e9m o eletr\u00f3lito e impede o contato direto com o eletrodo positivo.<\/li>\n<li>Um c\u00e1todo composto por hidr\u00f3xido de n\u00edquel e hidrato de \u00f3xido de n\u00edquel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As rea\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas durante a descarga s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>No \u00e2nodo: MH + OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> \u2192 M + H<sub>2<\/sub>O + e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>No c\u00e1todo: NiO(OH) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O + e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> \u2192 Ni(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> + OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A rea\u00e7\u00e3o total durante a descarga \u00e9: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> + M<\/p>\n<h2>Potencial e Energia Espec\u00edfica<\/h2>\n<p>O potencial redox total da rea\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 E<sub>0<\/sub> = 0,49V &#8211; (-0,83V) = 1,32V. A energia espec\u00edfica de uma c\u00e9lula NiMH \u00e9 de cerca de 80 Wh\/kg, quase t\u00e3o alta quanto a de uma c\u00e9lula alcalina e mais do que o dobro de uma bateria NiCd.<\/p>\n<h2>Cuidados e Sensibilidades<\/h2>\n<p>As baterias NiMH s\u00e3o sens\u00edveis ao sobrecarregamento, superaquecimento, polaridade incorreta e tamb\u00e9m \u00e0 descarga profunda.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p>A evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da tecnologia de baterias NiMH tem contribu\u00eddo significativamente para o desenvolvimento de solu\u00e7\u00f5es de energia mais limpas e eficientes, especialmente em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de mobilidade el\u00e9trica.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/NiMH-battery-principle-of-operation.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20px;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/electric-battery\/nickel-metal-hydride-battery-how-it-works\/\">Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bateria de n\u00edquel metal hidreto &#8211; como funciona. A rea\u00e7\u00e3o geral durante a descarga \u00e9: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. A tens\u00e3o total da rea\u00e7\u00e3o redox \u00e9, portanto, E0 = 0,49V &#8211; (- 0,83V) = 1,32V.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3879,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bateria de N\u00edquel Metal Hidreto - Como funciona | Rea\u00e7\u00e3o e Qu\u00edmica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bateria de n\u00edquel metal hidreto - como funciona. A rea\u00e7\u00e3o geral durante a descarga \u00e9: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. A tens\u00e3o total da rea\u00e7\u00e3o redox \u00e9, portanto, E0 = 0,49V - (- 0,83V) = 1,32V.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bateria de N\u00edquel Metal Hidreto - Como funciona | Rea\u00e7\u00e3o e Qu\u00edmica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bateria de n\u00edquel metal hidreto - como funciona. A rea\u00e7\u00e3o geral durante a descarga \u00e9: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. A tens\u00e3o total da rea\u00e7\u00e3o redox \u00e9, portanto, E0 = 0,49V - (- 0,83V) = 1,32V.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Electricity - Magnetism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-14T13:10:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-20T09:53:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/NiMH-battery-principle-of-operation.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"584\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"697\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Matan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/\",\"name\":\"Electricity - Magnetism\",\"description\":\"All about electricity and magnetism.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/NiMH-battery-principle-of-operation.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/NiMH-battery-principle-of-operation.png\",\"width\":584,\"height\":697,\"caption\":\"Bateria de N\\u00edquel Metal Hidreto - Como funciona | Rea\\u00e7\\u00e3o e Qu\\u00edmica\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/\",\"name\":\"Bateria de N\\u00edquel Metal Hidreto - Como funciona | Rea\\u00e7\\u00e3o e Qu\\u00edmica\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-14T13:10:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-20T09:53:09+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/68f28ba0ad08ef355b436c5222a40b29\"},\"description\":\"Bateria de n\\u00edquel metal hidreto - como funciona. A rea\\u00e7\\u00e3o geral durante a descarga \\u00e9: NiO(OH) + MH \\u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. A tens\\u00e3o total da rea\\u00e7\\u00e3o redox \\u00e9, portanto, E0 = 0,49V - (- 0,83V) = 1,32V.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/electricity-magnetism-page\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Bateria de N\\u00edquel Metal Hidreto &#8211; Como funciona | Rea\\u00e7\\u00e3o e Qu\\u00edmica\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/68f28ba0ad08ef355b436c5222a40b29\",\"name\":\"Matan\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/author\/matan\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Bateria de N\u00edquel Metal Hidreto - Como funciona | Rea\u00e7\u00e3o e Qu\u00edmica","description":"Bateria de n\u00edquel metal hidreto - como funciona. A rea\u00e7\u00e3o geral durante a descarga \u00e9: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. A tens\u00e3o total da rea\u00e7\u00e3o redox \u00e9, portanto, E0 = 0,49V - (- 0,83V) = 1,32V.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/","og_locale":"pt_BR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Bateria de N\u00edquel Metal Hidreto - Como funciona | Rea\u00e7\u00e3o e Qu\u00edmica","og_description":"Bateria de n\u00edquel metal hidreto - como funciona. A rea\u00e7\u00e3o geral durante a descarga \u00e9: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. A tens\u00e3o total da rea\u00e7\u00e3o redox \u00e9, portanto, E0 = 0,49V - (- 0,83V) = 1,32V.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/","og_site_name":"Electricity - Magnetism","article_published_time":"2024-01-14T13:10:01+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-01-20T09:53:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":584,"height":697,"url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/NiMH-battery-principle-of-operation.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"Matan","Est. tempo de leitura":"2 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/","name":"Electricity - Magnetism","description":"All about electricity and magnetism.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"pt-BR","url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/NiMH-battery-principle-of-operation.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/NiMH-battery-principle-of-operation.png","width":584,"height":697,"caption":"Bateria de N\u00edquel Metal Hidreto - Como funciona | Rea\u00e7\u00e3o e Qu\u00edmica"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/","name":"Bateria de N\u00edquel Metal Hidreto - Como funciona | Rea\u00e7\u00e3o e Qu\u00edmica","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2024-01-14T13:10:01+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-20T09:53:09+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/68f28ba0ad08ef355b436c5222a40b29"},"description":"Bateria de n\u00edquel metal hidreto - como funciona. A rea\u00e7\u00e3o geral durante a descarga \u00e9: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. A tens\u00e3o total da rea\u00e7\u00e3o redox \u00e9, portanto, E0 = 0,49V - (- 0,83V) = 1,32V.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/bateria-de-niquel-metal-hidreto-como-funciona-reacao-e-quimica\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/electricity-magnetism-page\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Bateria de N\u00edquel Metal Hidreto &#8211; Como funciona | Rea\u00e7\u00e3o e Qu\u00edmica"}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/68f28ba0ad08ef355b436c5222a40b29","name":"Matan","url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/author\/matan\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80561"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80561\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}