{"id":80481,"date":"2024-01-14T13:06:16","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:06:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/tensao-de-baterias-eletricas-tensao-celular\/"},"modified":"2024-01-20T09:49:22","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T09:49:22","slug":"tensao-de-baterias-eletricas-tensao-celular","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/tensao-de-baterias-eletricas-tensao-celular\/","title":{"rendered":"Tens\u00e3o de Baterias El\u00e9tricas &#8211; Tens\u00e3o Celular"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tens\u00e3o das C\u00e9lulas em Baterias El\u00e9tricas<\/h2>\n<p>A tens\u00e3o das c\u00e9lulas de baterias el\u00e9tricas \u00e9 gerada pela diferen\u00e7a de potencial dos materiais que comp\u00f5em os eletrodos positivos e negativos na rea\u00e7\u00e3o eletroqu\u00edmica. A tens\u00e3o total de uma bateria el\u00e9trica \u00e9 determinada por sua qu\u00edmica e pelo n\u00famero de c\u00e9lulas. Baterias conectadas em s\u00e9rie produzem uma tens\u00e3o igual ao n\u00famero de baterias multiplicado pela tens\u00e3o de cada bateria individual. Diferentes qu\u00edmicas de bateria criam diferentes tens\u00f5es de c\u00e9lula.<\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u00edmica e Tens\u00e3o da C\u00e9lula<\/h2>\n<p>As c\u00e9lulas de bateria variam em tens\u00e3o de acordo com sua qu\u00edmica. Alcalinas n\u00e3o recarreg\u00e1veis, como as pilhas AAA, AA e C, comuns, t\u00eam uma tens\u00e3o de circuito aberto de 1,5V (DC). As c\u00e9lulas prim\u00e1rias \u00e0 base de l\u00edtio, como as pilhas de bot\u00e3o, t\u00eam 3V (DC). Quase todas as baterias de \u00edon de l\u00edtio operam com 3,8V (DC), enquanto baterias automotivas comuns possuem 12V (DC), consistindo de seis c\u00e9lulas de chumbo de 2V.<\/p>\n<h2>Funcionamento e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h2>\n<p>Uma bateria el\u00e9trica \u00e9 uma fonte de energia el\u00e9trica DC, convertendo energia qu\u00edmica armazenada em energia el\u00e9trica atrav\u00e9s de um processo eletroqu\u00edmico. Isso fornece uma for\u00e7a eletromotriz para permitir o fluxo de correntes em circuitos el\u00e9tricos e eletr\u00f4nicos. Uma bateria t\u00edpica consiste em uma ou mais c\u00e9lulas voltaicas, operando com rea\u00e7\u00f5es redox espont\u00e2neas em dois eletrodos separados por um eletr\u00f3lito.<\/p>\n<h2>Por Que as Baterias Alcalinas S\u00e3o 1.5V?<\/h2>\n<p>Em uma bateria alcalina, o eletrodo negativo \u00e9 de zinco e o positivo \u00e9 di\u00f3xido de mangan\u00eas (MnO<sub>2<\/sub>) de alta densidade. O eletr\u00f3lito alcalino de hidr\u00f3xido de pot\u00e1ssio (KOH) n\u00e3o \u00e9 consumido durante a descarga, apenas o zinco e MnO<sub>2<\/sub> s\u00e3o consumidos. As rea\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zn(s) + 2OH<sup>\u2212<\/sup>(aq) \u2192 ZnO(s) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(l) + 2e<sup>\u2212<\/sup> [E<sub>oxida\u00e7\u00e3o<\/sub><sup>\u00b0<\/sup> = +1.28 V]<\/li>\n<li>2MnO<sub>2<\/sub>(s) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(l) + 2e<sup>\u2212<\/sup> \u2192 Mn<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>(s) + 2OH<sup>\u2212<\/sup>(aq) [E<sub>redu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/sub><sup>\u00b0<\/sup> = +0.15 V]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A rea\u00e7\u00e3o global tem um potencial el\u00e9trico de +1.43 V, explicando a tens\u00e3o de 1.5V das baterias alcalinas.<\/p>\n<h2>Baterias Alcalinas vs. Recarreg\u00e1veis<\/h2>\n<p>Baterias prim\u00e1rias alcalinas t\u00eam 1,5V de tens\u00e3o de circuito aberto, enquanto baterias secund\u00e1rias recarreg\u00e1veis de NiMh ou NiCd t\u00eam 1,2V. Apesar da diferen\u00e7a de tens\u00e3o, elas podem ser usadas alternadamente em dispositivos eletr\u00f4nicos, pois funcionam bem dentro da faixa de tens\u00e3o de 1,0 a 1,5 volts. As baterias secund\u00e1rias tendem a oferecer melhor desempenho devido \u00e0 menor imped\u00e2ncia de sa\u00edda e tens\u00e3o mais consistente durante o ciclo de carga.<\/p>\n<h2>Caracter\u00edsticas Adicionais das Baterias<\/h2>\n<p>Para comparar e entender a capacidade de cada bateria, par\u00e2metros como tens\u00e3o de corte, capacidade, taxa de C, autodescarga e degrada\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o importantes. A tens\u00e3o de corte define o estado \u201cvazio\u201d da bateria. A capacidade coulom\u00e9trica \u00e9 a totalidade de Amp\u00e8res-hora dispon\u00edveis quando a bateria \u00e9 descarregada de 100% de carga para a tens\u00e3o de corte. A taxa de autodescarga indica a perda de carga mesmo sem uso, devido a rea\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas secund\u00e1rias internas. A degrada\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre a cada ciclo de carga e descarga, afetando a efici\u00eancia da bateria.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p>A tens\u00e3o das baterias el\u00e9tricas \u00e9 um aspecto fundamental do seu funcionamento e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o. Variando conforme a qu\u00edmica e o n\u00famero de c\u00e9lulas, essas tens\u00f5es determinam o uso adequado em diferentes dispositivos e sistemas. Compreender essas caracter\u00edsticas permite uma escolha mais informada e eficiente no uso de baterias em diversas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Cell-Voltage-image.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20px;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/electric-battery\/cell-voltage\/\">Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A tens\u00e3o das c\u00e9lulas das baterias el\u00e9tricas \u00e9 criada pela diferen\u00e7a de potencial dos materiais que comp\u00f5em os eletrodos positivos e negativos na rea\u00e7\u00e3o eletroqu\u00edmica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - 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