{"id":80416,"date":"2024-01-14T13:03:41","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/cargas-eletricas-em-atomos\/"},"modified":"2024-01-20T09:46:12","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T09:46:12","slug":"cargas-eletricas-em-atomos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/cargas-eletricas-em-atomos\/","title":{"rendered":"Cargas el\u00e9tricas em \u00e1tomos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cargas El\u00e9tricas em \u00c1tomos<\/h2>\n

O que \u00e9 Eletricidade?<\/h2>\n

A eletricidade \u00e9 definida como “o fluxo de el\u00e9trons atrav\u00e9s de materiais e dispositivos simples” ou “aquela for\u00e7a que move os el\u00e9trons”. Cientistas acreditam que a eletricidade \u00e9 produzida por part\u00edculas muito pequenas chamadas el\u00e9trons e pr\u00f3tons, que existem como part\u00edculas subat\u00f4micas no \u00e1tomo.<\/p>\n

Estrutura do \u00c1tomo<\/h2>\n

O mundo f\u00edsico \u00e9 composto por combina\u00e7\u00f5es de v\u00e1rias part\u00edculas subat\u00f4micas ou fundamentais, sendo os \u00e1tomos os menores constituintes da mat\u00e9ria ordin\u00e1ria. Um \u00e1tomo consiste em um n\u00facleo positivamente carregado cercado por el\u00e9trons negativamente carregados, de modo que o \u00e1tomo como um todo \u00e9 eletricamente neutro.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00f3tons e El\u00e9trons<\/h2>\n

O pr\u00f3ton carrega uma carga positiva \u00fanica igual em magnitude \u00e0 carga do el\u00e9tron. O n\u00eautron, ligeiramente mais pesado que o pr\u00f3ton, \u00e9 eletricamente neutro. O el\u00e9tron, simbolizado por e–<\/sup>, \u00e9 uma das part\u00edculas fundamentais que comp\u00f5em a mat\u00e9ria. Os el\u00e9trons s\u00e3o part\u00edculas negativamente carregadas (-1e), quase sem massa, mas que, no entanto, representam a maior parte do tamanho do \u00e1tomo. Sua massa de repouso \u00e9 igual a 9,109 \u00d7 10-31<\/sup> kg (510,998 keV\/c2<\/sup>).<\/p>\n

Modelo da Nuvem Eletr\u00f4nica<\/h2>\n

Os el\u00e9trons est\u00e3o localizados em uma nuvem eletr\u00f4nica, que \u00e9 a \u00e1rea que circunda o n\u00facleo do \u00e1tomo. O modelo da nuvem eletr\u00f4nica diz que n\u00e3o podemos saber exatamente onde um el\u00e9tron est\u00e1 a qualquer momento, mas os el\u00e9trons t\u00eam maior probabilidade de estar em \u00e1reas espec\u00edficas. Esse modelo define a zona de probabilidade que descreve a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o do el\u00e9tron, devido ao princ\u00edpio da incerteza.<\/p>\n

For\u00e7a Eletromagn\u00e9tica e Po\u00e7o de Potencial Eletrost\u00e1tico<\/h2>\n

Os el\u00e9trons em um \u00e1tomo s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos pelos pr\u00f3tons no n\u00facleo pela for\u00e7a eletromagn\u00e9tica. Essa for\u00e7a prende os el\u00e9trons dentro de um po\u00e7o de potencial eletrost\u00e1tico que circunda o menor n\u00facleo, o que significa que uma fonte externa de energia \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria para que o el\u00e9tron escape.<\/p>\n

\u00cdons<\/h2>\n

\u00c0s vezes, um \u00e1tomo pode perder um ou mais de seus el\u00e9trons ou pode ganhar el\u00e9trons extras, caso em que ter\u00e1 uma carga l\u00edquida positiva ou negativa e \u00e9 chamado de \u00edon.<\/p>\n

Perguntas Frequentes<\/h2>\n

Como as Cargas El\u00e9tricas Afetam os \u00c1tomos?<\/h3>\n

As propriedades qu\u00edmicas do \u00e1tomo s\u00e3o determinadas pelo n\u00famero de pr\u00f3tons, de fato, pelo n\u00famero e arranjo dos el\u00e9trons. A configura\u00e7\u00e3o desses el\u00e9trons segue os princ\u00edpios da mec\u00e2nica qu\u00e2ntica. O n\u00famero de el\u00e9trons em cada camada eletr\u00f4nica do elemento, particularmente a camada de val\u00eancia mais externa, \u00e9 o principal fator que determina seu comportamento de liga\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica.<\/p>\n

Quais Part\u00edculas em \u00c1tomos Possuem Carga El\u00e9trica?<\/h3>\n

Um \u00e1tomo consiste em um n\u00facleo positivamente carregado cercado por el\u00e9trons negativamente carregados. O n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico \u00e9 composto por pr\u00f3tons carregados positivamente e n\u00eautrons neutros.<\/p>\n

Por Que Pr\u00f3tons e El\u00e9trons se Atraem?<\/h3>\n

Os el\u00e9trons em um \u00e1tomo s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos pelos pr\u00f3tons no n\u00facleo pela for\u00e7a eletromagn\u00e9tica. Esta for\u00e7a une os el\u00e9trons dentro de um po\u00e7o de potencial eletrost\u00e1tico que circunda o menor n\u00facleo.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As cargas el\u00e9tricas nos \u00e1tomos s\u00e3o transportadas por pr\u00f3tons e el\u00e9trons. Um \u00e1tomo consiste em um n\u00facleo carregado positivamente cercado por el\u00e9trons carregados negativamente, de modo que o \u00e1tomo como um todo \u00e9 eletricamente neutro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1812,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\nCargas el\u00e9tricas em \u00e1tomos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As cargas el\u00e9tricas nos \u00e1tomos s\u00e3o transportadas por pr\u00f3tons e el\u00e9trons. 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