{"id":2363,"date":"2022-02-06T14:52:57","date_gmt":"2022-02-06T14:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/cargas-eletricas-em-atomos\/"},"modified":"2022-06-10T13:16:06","modified_gmt":"2022-06-10T13:16:06","slug":"cargas-eletricas-em-atomos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/eletrostatica\/cargas-eletricas-em-atomos\/","title":{"rendered":"Cargas el\u00e9tricas em \u00e1tomos"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/path><\/svg><\/span>Resumo de 30 segundos<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cargas el\u00e9tricas em \u00e1tomos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As cargas el\u00e9tricas nos \u00e1tomos s\u00e3o transportadas por pr\u00f3tons e el\u00e9trons. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os \u00e1tomos<\/strong> s\u00e3o definidos como os menores constituintes da mat\u00e9ria comum, que podem ser divididos sem a libera\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas eletricamente carregadas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um \u00e1tomo consiste em um n\u00facleo carregado positivamente cercado por el\u00e9trons carregados negativamente, de modo que o \u00e1tomo como um todo \u00e9 eletricamente neutro. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os el\u00e9trons em um \u00e1tomo s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos para os pr\u00f3tons no n\u00facleo pela for\u00e7a eletromagn\u00e9tica<\/a> . Essa for\u00e7a liga os el\u00e9trons dentro de um potencial eletrost\u00e1tico bem ao redor do n\u00facleo menor, o que significa que uma fonte externa de energia \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria para que o el\u00e9tron escape. <\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n

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\"Cargas
O n\u00famero de el\u00e9trons em um \u00e1tomo neutro de cobre \u00e9 29. Cada el\u00e9tron \u00e9 influenciado pelos campos el\u00e9tricos produzidos pela carga nuclear positiva e os outros (Z \u2013 1) el\u00e9trons negativos no \u00e1tomo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>
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Sobre Cargas El\u00e9tricas em \u00c1tomos<\/h2>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n
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O que \u00e9 eletricidade? A eletricidade \u00e9 definida como “o fluxo de el\u00e9trons atrav\u00e9s de materiais e dispositivos simples” ou “aquela for\u00e7a que move os el\u00e9trons”. Os cientistas pensam que a eletricidade \u00e9 produzida por part\u00edculas muito pequenas chamadas el\u00e9trons<\/a> e pr\u00f3tons<\/a> . Essas part\u00edculas s\u00e3o muito pequenas para serem vistas, mas existem como part\u00edculas subat\u00f4micas no \u00e1tomo. Para entender como eles existem, voc\u00ea deve primeiro entender a estrutura do \u00e1tomo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O mundo f\u00edsico \u00e9 composto de combina\u00e7\u00f5es de v\u00e1rias part\u00edculas subat\u00f4micas ou fundamentais<\/strong> . Estes s\u00e3o os menores blocos de constru\u00e7\u00e3o da mat\u00e9ria<\/strong> . Os \u00e1tomos<\/strong> s\u00e3o definidos como os menores constituintes da mat\u00e9ria comum, que podem ser divididos sem a libera\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas eletricamente carregadas. Um \u00e1tomo consiste em um n\u00facleo carregado positivamente cercado por el\u00e9trons carregados negativamente, de modo que o \u00e1tomo como um todo \u00e9 eletricamente neutro. O pr\u00f3ton carrega uma \u00fanica carga positiva unit\u00e1ria igual em magnitude \u00e0 carga do el\u00e9tron. O n\u00eautron \u00e9 ligeiramente mais pesado que o pr\u00f3ton e \u00e9 eletricamente neutro, como o nome indica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Núcleo<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Um el\u00e9tron<\/strong> , s\u00edmbolo e-, \u00e9 uma das part\u00edculas fundamentais que comp\u00f5em a mat\u00e9ria. Os el\u00e9trons s\u00e3o carregados negativamente (-1e), part\u00edculas quase sem massa que, no entanto, representam a maior parte do tamanho do \u00e1tomo. Sua massa de repouso \u00e9 igual a 9,109 \u00d7 10\u221231 kg ( 510,998 keV\/c2<\/strong> ) (aproximadamente 1\/1836 do pr\u00f3ton). Os el\u00e9trons est\u00e3o localizados em uma nuvem de el\u00e9trons, que \u00e9 a \u00e1rea ao redor do n\u00facleo do \u00e1tomo. O modelo de nuvem de el\u00e9trons<\/strong> \u00e9 um modelo de um \u00e1tomo, no qual o \u00e1tomo<\/strong> consiste em um n\u00facleo<\/strong> pequeno, mas maci\u00e7o, cercado por uma nuvem de el\u00e9trons<\/strong> em movimento r\u00e1pido. O modelo de nuvem de el\u00e9trons diz que n\u00e3o podemos saber exatamente onde um el\u00e9tron est\u00e1 em um determinado momento, mas \u00e9 mais prov\u00e1vel que os el\u00e9trons estejam em \u00e1reas espec\u00edficas. O modelo de nuvem eletr\u00f4nica define a zona de probabilidade que descreve a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o do el\u00e9tron, devido ao princ\u00edpio da incerteza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nuvem
O modelo de nuvem de el\u00e9trons diz que n\u00e3o podemos saber exatamente onde um el\u00e9tron est\u00e1 em um determinado momento, mas \u00e9 mais prov\u00e1vel que os el\u00e9trons estejam em \u00e1reas espec\u00edficas. O modelo de nuvem eletr\u00f4nica define a zona de probabilidade que descreve a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o do el\u00e9tron, devido ao princ\u00edpio da incerteza.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Os el\u00e9trons em um \u00e1tomo s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos para os pr\u00f3tons no n\u00facleo pela for\u00e7a eletromagn\u00e9tica. Essa for\u00e7a liga os el\u00e9trons dentro de um potencial eletrost\u00e1tico bem ao redor do n\u00facleo menor, o que significa que uma fonte externa de energia \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria para que o el\u00e9tron escape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0s vezes, um \u00e1tomo pode perder um ou mais de seus el\u00e9trons ou ganhar el\u00e9trons extras, caso em que ter\u00e1 uma carga l\u00edquida positiva ou negativa e \u00e9 chamado de \u00edon.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n

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Perguntas frequentes<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Como as cargas el\u00e9tricas afetam os \u00e1tomos? <\/strong>


As propriedades qu\u00edmicas do \u00e1tomo s\u00e3o determinadas pelo n\u00famero de pr\u00f3tons, na verdade, pelo n\u00famero e arranjo dos el\u00e9trons. A configura\u00e7\u00e3o desses el\u00e9trons segue os princ\u00edpios da mec\u00e2nica qu\u00e2ntica. O n\u00famero de el\u00e9trons nas camadas eletr\u00f4nicas de cada elemento, particularmente a camada de val\u00eancia mais externa, \u00e9 o principal fator que determina seu comportamento de liga\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica. <\/p> <\/div>

Que part\u00edculas nos \u00e1tomos t\u00eam uma carga el\u00e9trica?<\/strong>


Um \u00e1tomo consiste em um n\u00facleo carregado positivamente cercado por el\u00e9trons carregados negativamente, de modo que o \u00e1tomo como um todo \u00e9 eletricamente neutro. O n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico consiste em pr\u00f3tons carregados positivamente e n\u00eautrons neutros.<\/p> <\/div>

Por que pr\u00f3tons e el\u00e9trons s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos?<\/strong>

Os el\u00e9trons em um \u00e1tomo s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos para os pr\u00f3tons no n\u00facleo pela for\u00e7a eletromagn\u00e9tica. Essa for\u00e7a liga os el\u00e9trons dentro de um potencial eletrost\u00e1tico bem ao redor do n\u00facleo menor, o que significa que uma fonte externa de energia \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria para que o el\u00e9tron escape.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pr\u00f3ximo Artigo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2500,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2363","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"\nCargas el\u00e9tricas em \u00e1tomos | Electricity - Magnetism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As cargas el\u00e9tricas nos \u00e1tomos s\u00e3o transportadas por pr\u00f3tons e el\u00e9trons. 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Um \u00e1tomo consiste em um n\u00facleo carregado positivamente cercado por el\u00e9trons carregados negativamente, de modo que o \u00e1tomo como um todo \u00e9 eletricamente neutro.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/eletrostatica\/cargas-eletricas-em-atomos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Electricity - Magnetism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-10T13:16:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Electric-Charges-in-Atoms-image.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/\",\"name\":\"Electricity - Magnetism\",\"description\":\"All about electricity and magnetism.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/eletrostatica\/cargas-eletricas-em-atomos\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Electric-Charges-in-Atoms-image.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Electric-Charges-in-Atoms-image.png\",\"width\":600,\"height\":600,\"caption\":\"The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. 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Um \u00e1tomo consiste em um n\u00facleo carregado positivamente cercado por el\u00e9trons carregados negativamente, de modo que o \u00e1tomo como um todo \u00e9 eletricamente neutro.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/eletrostatica\/cargas-eletricas-em-atomos\/","og_site_name":"Electricity - Magnetism","article_modified_time":"2022-06-10T13:16:06+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Electric-Charges-in-Atoms-image.png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. tempo de leitura":"4 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/","name":"Electricity - Magnetism","description":"All about electricity and magnetism.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/eletrostatica\/cargas-eletricas-em-atomos\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"pt-BR","url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Electric-Charges-in-Atoms-image.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Electric-Charges-in-Atoms-image.png","width":600,"height":600,"caption":"The number of electrons in an electrically-neutral atom is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. 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