{"id":22946,"date":"2022-02-16T07:46:04","date_gmt":"2022-02-16T07:46:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/descarga-eletrostatica\/"},"modified":"2023-06-26T07:58:52","modified_gmt":"2023-06-26T07:58:52","slug":"descarga-eletrostatica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/descarga-eletrostatica\/","title":{"rendered":"Descarga eletrost\u00e1tica"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/path><\/svg><\/span>Resumo de 30 segundos<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Descarga eletrost\u00e1tica<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Uma descarga eletrost\u00e1tica, abreviada como ESD, \u00e9 uma corrente el\u00e9ctrica s\u00fabita e de curta dura\u00e7\u00e3o entre dois objectos com potenciais el\u00e9ctricos diferentes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uma fa\u00edsca \u00e9 desencadeada quando a intensidade do campo el\u00e9trico excede aproximadamente 4-30 kV\/cm – a intensidade do campo diel\u00e9trico do ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A maior parte da eletricidade est\u00e1tica que encontramos todos os dias \u00e9 causada pelo efeito triboel\u00e9trico. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As descargas electrost\u00e1ticas s\u00e3o um problema grave na tecnologia, especialmente nos componentes electr\u00f3nicos, sobretudo nos circuitos integrados. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nos dias secos, a eletricidade est\u00e1tica \u00e9 muito mais percet\u00edvel, uma vez que o ar cont\u00e9m menos mol\u00e9culas de \u00e1gua para permitir fugas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra limita a acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade est\u00e1tica durante o manuseamento de produtos inflam\u00e1veis ou de dispositivos sens\u00edveis \u00e0 eletricidade est\u00e1tica. <\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n

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\"descarga
Uma descarga eletrost\u00e1tica, abreviada como ESD, \u00e9 uma corrente el\u00e9ctrica s\u00fabita e de curta dura\u00e7\u00e3o entre dois objectos com potenciais el\u00e9ctricos diferentes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>
<\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Sobre a descarga eletrost\u00e1tica <\/h2>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n
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Uma descarga eletrost\u00e1tica, abreviada como ESD, \u00e9 uma corrente el\u00e9ctrica s\u00fabita e de curta dura\u00e7\u00e3o entre dois objectos com potenciais el\u00e9ctricos diferentes. Uma fa\u00edsca \u00e9 desencadeada quando a intensidade do campo el\u00e9trico excede aproximadamente 4-30 kV\/cm – a intensidade do campo diel\u00e9trico do ar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Um exemplo de uma descarga eletrost\u00e1tica na natureza \u00e9 o rel\u00e2mpago. Al\u00e9m disso, \u00e9 prov\u00e1vel que j\u00e1 tenha experimentado eletricidade est\u00e1tica ao pentear o cabelo ou ao tirar uma camisa sint\u00e9tica da m\u00e1quina de secar roupa. E pode ter sentido um choque quando tocou numa ma\u00e7aneta de metal depois de ter deslizado num banco de autom\u00f3vel ou de ter caminhado numa carpete de nylon. As descargas electrost\u00e1ticas s\u00e3o um problema grave na tecnologia, especialmente nos componentes electr\u00f3nicos, sobretudo nos circuitos integrados. Mesmo num momento impercet\u00edvel, o circuito pode ser destru\u00eddo pelo simples contacto com outro objeto com um potencial el\u00e9trico diferente. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nos dias secos, a eletricidade est\u00e1tica \u00e9 muito mais percet\u00edvel, uma vez que o ar cont\u00e9m menos mol\u00e9culas de \u00e1gua para permitir fugas. Normalmente, a carga \u00e9 libertada para as mol\u00e9culas de \u00e1gua no ar. Isto deve-se ao facto de as mol\u00e9culas de \u00e1gua serem polares – ou seja, apesar de serem neutras, a sua carga n\u00e3o est\u00e1 distribu\u00edda uniformemente. Assim, os electr\u00f5es extra podem escapar da superf\u00edcie carregada para o ar porque s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos para a extremidade positiva das mol\u00e9culas de \u00e1gua. Um objeto com carga positiva, por outro lado, pode ser neutralizado pela transfer\u00eancia de electr\u00f5es soltos das mol\u00e9culas de \u00e1gua no ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra tamb\u00e9m limita a acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade est\u00e1tica ao manusear produtos inflam\u00e1veis ou dispositivos sens\u00edveis \u00e0 eletrost\u00e1tica. S\u00e3o concebidos v\u00e1rios dispositivos antiest\u00e1ticos para garantir a liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra segura da carga eletrost\u00e1tica. Para o manuseamento dom\u00e9stico, por exemplo, o contacto com tubos met\u00e1licos de g\u00e1s, tubos de \u00e1gua ou tubos met\u00e1licos e radiadores de aquecimento central pode ser utilizado para a descarga; no entanto, a cablagem de pl\u00e1stico n\u00e3o o permite. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uma pulseira antiest\u00e1tica, pulseira ESD ou pulseira de terra \u00e9 um dispositivo antiest\u00e1tico utilizado para ligar em seguran\u00e7a \u00e0 terra uma pessoa que trabalhe com equipamento eletr\u00f3nico muito sens\u00edvel, para evitar a acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade est\u00e1tica no seu corpo, que pode resultar em ESD.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n

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\"Perguntas<\/figure>
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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perguntas frequentes<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Porque \u00e9 que \u00e0s vezes sofremos choques el\u00e9ctricos?<\/strong>

Provavelmente j\u00e1 experimentou eletricidade est\u00e1tica ao pentear o cabelo ou ao tirar uma camisa sint\u00e9tica da m\u00e1quina de secar roupa. E pode ter sentido um choque quando tocou numa ma\u00e7aneta de metal depois de ter deslizado num banco de autom\u00f3vel ou de ter caminhado numa carpete de nylon. Isto \u00e9 causado por uma descarga eletrost\u00e1tica. O seu corpo foi provavelmente carregado atrav\u00e9s do efeito triboel\u00e9trico. Nos dias secos, a eletricidade est\u00e1tica \u00e9 muito mais percet\u00edvel, uma vez que o ar cont\u00e9m menos mol\u00e9culas de \u00e1gua para permitir fugas. <\/p> <\/div>

O que causa a eletricidade est\u00e1tica?<\/strong>

A maior parte da eletricidade est\u00e1tica que encontramos todos os dias \u00e9 causada pelo efeito triboel\u00e9trico. Esta pode ser facilmente produzida esfregando dois materiais diferentes, como por exemplo, esfregar \u00e2mbar com pele ou vidro com seda. A fric\u00e7\u00e3o dos dois materiais dissimilares aumenta consideravelmente o efeito devido ao contacto e separa\u00e7\u00e3o frequentes destes materiais. <\/p> <\/div>

Como se proteger contra uma descarga eletrost\u00e1tica?<\/strong>

A liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra limita a acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade est\u00e1tica durante o manuseamento de produtos inflam\u00e1veis ou de dispositivos sens\u00edveis \u00e0 eletricidade est\u00e1tica. V\u00e1rios dispositivos antiest\u00e1ticos s\u00e3o concebidos para garantir a liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra segura da carga eletrost\u00e1tica. No manuseamento dom\u00e9stico, por exemplo, o contacto com tubos met\u00e1licos de g\u00e1s, tubos de \u00e1gua ou tubos met\u00e1licos e radiadores de aquecimento central pode ser utilizado para a descarga; no entanto, a cablagem de pl\u00e1stico n\u00e3o o permite. <\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n

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And you may have felt a shock when you touched a metal doorknob after sliding across a car seat or walking across a nylon carpet. This is caused by electrostatic discharge. Your body was probably charged via the triboelectric effect. On dry days, static electricity is much more noticeable since the air contains fewer water molecules to allow leakage. ","inLanguage":"pt-BR"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/descarga-eletrostatica\/#faq-question-1644768548949","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/descarga-eletrostatica\/#faq-question-1644768548949","name":"What causes static electricity?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Most of the static electricity we encounter every day is caused by the triboelectric effect. This can easily be produced by rubbing two dissimilar materials together, such as rubbing amber with fur or glass with silk. The friction of the two dissimilar materials greatly increases the effect due to the frequent contact and separation of these materials. ","inLanguage":"pt-BR"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/descarga-eletrostatica\/#faq-question-1644768680813","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/descarga-eletrostatica\/#faq-question-1644768680813","name":"How to protect against an electrostatic discharge?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Connection to the ground limits the build-up of static electricity when handling flammable products or electrostatic-sensitive devices. Various antistatic devices are designed to ensure the safe grounding of the electrostatic charge. For domestic handling, for example, contact with metal gas pipes, water pipes or metal pipes and central heating radiators can be used for discharge; however, plastic wiring does not allow this.\u00a0 ","inLanguage":"pt-BR"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22946"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22946\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/pt-br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}