{"id":212702,"date":"2024-09-15T07:06:03","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T07:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/?p=212702"},"modified":"2024-09-15T07:06:03","modified_gmt":"2024-09-15T07:06:03","slug":"%ec%9c%a0%ec%a0%84%ec%b2%b4%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c%ec%9d%98-%ea%b2%b0%ed%95%a9-%ec%a0%84%ed%95%98%eb%9e%80-%eb%ac%b4%ec%97%87%ec%9d%b8%ea%b0%80%ec%9a%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ko\/%ec%9c%a0%ec%a0%84%ec%b2%b4%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c%ec%9d%98-%ea%b2%b0%ed%95%a9-%ec%a0%84%ed%95%98%eb%9e%80-%eb%ac%b4%ec%97%87%ec%9d%b8%ea%b0%80%ec%9a%94\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc720\ub3c4\ub41c \uc804\ud558\ub85c, \uc804\uae30 \ubc0f \uc804\uc790\uacf5\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/h2>\n

\uc804\uae30\uc640 \uc790\uae30\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uae30\ud559<\/strong>\uc5d0\uc11c ‘\uc720\uc804\uccb4(dielectric)’\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\uc804\uccb4\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \uac00\ud558\uba74 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc131\uc9c8\uc774 \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c, \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 ‘\uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558(bounded charges)’\uac00 \ud615\uc131\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\uc758 \uc815\uc758<\/h2>\n

\uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uc6d0\uc790\ub098 \ubd84\uc790\uac00 \uc678\ubd80 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub420 \ub54c, \uadf8 \uad6c\uc131 \uc694\uc18c\uc778 \uc804\uc790\uc640 \ud575\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \ubc18\ub300 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804\ud558\uc758 \ubd84\uadf9(polarization)\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uace0, \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\ubd80\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud615\uc131\ub418\ub294 \uc804\ud558\uac00 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\uc758 \ud615\uc131<\/h2>\n

\uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uc774 \uac00\ud574\uc9c0\uba74, \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc591\uc131\uc790\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ubc18\ub300 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c, \uac01\uac01\uc758 \ubd84\uc790\ub098 \uc6d0\uc790 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc804\uae30 \uc30d\uadf9\uc790(electric dipole)\uac00 \ud615\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5 \ubc29\ud5a5\uacfc \ubc18\ub300 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9<\/li>\n
  • \uc591\uc131\uc790\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574, \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc9c0\uc810\uc5d0\ub294 \uc74c\uc758 \uc804\ud558\uac00, \uadf8 \ubc18\ub300\ud3b8\uc5d0\ub294 \uc591\uc758 \uc804\ud558\uac00 \ud615\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc804\ud558\ub4e4\uc744 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

    \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\uc758 \uc218\uc2dd\uc801 \ud45c\ud604<\/h2>\n

    \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc218\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc544\ub798\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ud45c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc758 \ucd1d \uc804\ud558 \ubc00\ub3c4 \\(\\rho\\)\ub294 \uc790\uc720 \uc804\ud558 \ubc00\ub3c4 \\(\\rho_f\\)\uc640 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558 \ubc00\ub3c4 \\(\\rho_b\\)\uc758 \ud569\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n

    \n\\[
    \n\\rho = \\rho_f + \\rho_b
    \n\\]\n<\/p>\n

    \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \\(\\rho_b\\)\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ubd84\uadf9\ud654 \uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uacb0\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uadf9\ud654 \ubca1\ud130 \\(\\mathbf{P}\\)\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc758 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558 \ubc00\ub3c4\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uba70, \uc544\ub798 \uc218\uc2dd\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n

    \n\\[
    \n\\rho_b = -\\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf{P}
    \n\\]\n<\/p>\n

    \uc989, \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558 \ubc00\ub3c4\ub294 \ubd84\uadf9 \ubca1\ud130\uc758 \ubc1c\uc0b0(divergence)\uacfc \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

    \uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560<\/h2>\n

    \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\uc9d3\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc678\ubd80 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uacfc \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uba70 \uc804\uccb4 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uac70\ub098 \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131, \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc720\uc804\uc728(permittivity)\uc774 \uacb0\uc815\ub418\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc804\uc790\uae30 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uac1c\ub150\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

    \uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n

    \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uc774 \uac00\ud574\uc84c\uc744 \ub54c \ub0b4\ubd80\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud615\uc131\ub418\ub294 \uc804\ud558\ub85c, \uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ub113\ud788\uace0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\uc220\uc801 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc774\ub8f0 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc720\ub3c4\ub41c \uc804\ud558\ub85c, \uc804\uae30 \ubc0f \uc804\uc790\uacf5\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-212702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-101","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\n\uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\uc720\uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacb0\ud569 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 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