{"id":208859,"date":"2024-03-21T14:07:52","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T14:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%ec%95%88%eb%93%9c%eb%a0%88%ec%98%88%ed%94%84-%ea%b2%b0%ed%95%a9-%ec%83%81%ed%83%9c-%ea%b3%b5%ec%8b%9d-%ec%a0%95%ec%9d%98-%ea%b3%84%ec%82%b0-%eb%b0%8f-%ed%99%9c%ec%9a%a9\/"},"modified":"2024-05-15T11:34:06","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T11:34:06","slug":"%ec%95%88%eb%93%9c%eb%a0%88%ec%98%88%ed%94%84-%ea%b2%b0%ed%95%a9-%ec%83%81%ed%83%9c-%ea%b3%b5%ec%8b%9d-%ec%a0%95%ec%9d%98-%ea%b3%84%ec%82%b0-%eb%b0%8f-%ed%99%9c%ec%9a%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ko\/%ec%95%88%eb%93%9c%eb%a0%88%ec%98%88%ed%94%84-%ea%b2%b0%ed%95%a9-%ec%83%81%ed%83%9c-%ea%b3%b5%ec%8b%9d-%ec%a0%95%ec%9d%98-%ea%b3%84%ec%82%b0-%eb%b0%8f-%ed%99%9c%ec%9a%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc \uacf5\uc2dd | \uc815\uc758, \uacc4\uc0b0 \ubc0f \ud65c\uc6a9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae08\uc18d \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc591\uc790\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c, \uc804\uc790\uc640 \ud640\uc758 \ub3d9\uc801 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0dd\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \uac1c\uc694<\/h2>\n<p>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc(Andreev bound states, ABS)\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae08\uc18d \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc591\uc790 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uac2d \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uba70, \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae08\uc18d \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \ubc18\uc0ac(Andreev reflection)\ub77c\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc30d\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae08\uc18d\uc73c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uac70\ub098 \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \uc77c\ubc18 \uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uba74\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \ubc18\uc0ac\uc640 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc<\/h2>\n<p>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \ubc18\uc0ac\ub294 \ud398\ub974\ubbf8 \uc218\uc900(Fermi level) \uadfc\ucc98\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae08\uc18d \uc804\uc790\uac00 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uc811\ucd09\ud558\uba74 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc30d\uc804\uc790(\ucfe0\ud37c \ud398\uc5b4)\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\ub85c \ubc18\uc0ac\ub418\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc591\uc804\ud558\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4 \ud640(hole)\ub85c \ubcc0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\ub85c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\uba70, \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4 \uac2d \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc544\ub798\uc758 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \uc0dd\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \uacc4\uc0b0<\/h2>\n<p>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc218\uc900\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ E = \\Delta \\cos(\\phi\/2) \\]<\/p>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \\( \\Delta \\)\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uac2d\uc744, \\( \\phi \\)\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc640 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae08\uc18d \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc704\uc0c1 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc218\uc900\uc740 \uc704\uc0c1 \ucc28\uc774 \\( \\phi \\)\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\uc801\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \ud65c\uc6a9<\/h2>\n<p>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4 \uc591\uc790 \ube44\ud2b8(quantum bits)\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4 \uc804\uc790\uae30\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc774\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \uc591\uc790 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4 \uae30\ubc18\uc758 \uc591\uc790 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud305\uacfc \uc815\ubcf4 \ucc98\ub9ac \uae30\uc220\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud575\uc2ec \uc694\uc18c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub610\ud55c, ABS\uc758 \uc774\ud574\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \uaddc\uba85\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \ub300\ud55c \uae4a\uc740 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub354 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc2e4\uc6a9\uc801\uc778 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4 \uc7ac\ub8cc\uc758 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc744 \ub3d5\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uae30\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n<p>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae08\uc18d\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc591\uc790 \uc5ed\ud559\uc801 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub4e4\uc758 \ud65c\uc6a9\uacfc \uc774\ud574\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4 \uae30\uc220\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc591\uc790 \uc815\ubcf4\ud559\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub354 \ub113\uc740 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub4e4\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uae4a\uac8c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uba70, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\uac00\ub294 \ub370 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc774\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae08\uc18d \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc591\uc790\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c, \uc804\uc790\uc640 \ud640\uc758 \ub3d9\uc801 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0dd\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[95],"class_list":["post-208859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-94","tag-95","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc \uacf5\uc2dd | \uc815\uc758, \uacc4\uc0b0 \ubc0f \ud65c\uc6a9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc608\ud504 \uacb0\ud569 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uc77c\ubc18 \uae08\uc18d \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc591\uc790\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c, 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