{"id":208790,"date":"2024-03-21T14:07:27","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T14:07:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%eb%b2%a0%eb%a6%ac-%ec%9c%84%ec%83%81-%ea%b3%b5%ec%8b%9d-%ec%a0%95%ec%9d%98-%ea%b3%84%ec%82%b0-%eb%b0%8f-%ec%9d%91%ec%9a%a9\/"},"modified":"2024-05-15T11:33:12","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T11:33:12","slug":"%eb%b2%a0%eb%a6%ac-%ec%9c%84%ec%83%81-%ea%b3%b5%ec%8b%9d-%ec%a0%95%ec%9d%98-%ea%b3%84%ec%82%b0-%eb%b0%8f-%ec%9d%91%ec%9a%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ko\/%eb%b2%a0%eb%a6%ac-%ec%9c%84%ec%83%81-%ea%b3%b5%ec%8b%9d-%ec%a0%95%ec%9d%98-%ea%b3%84%ec%82%b0-%eb%b0%8f-%ec%9d%91%ec%9a%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1 \uacf5\uc2dd | \uc815\uc758, \uacc4\uc0b0 \ubc0f \uc751\uc6a9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc740 \uc591\uc790\uc5ed\ud559 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\uac00 \uc0ac\uc774\ud074\uc744 \ub3cc \ub54c \ud30c\ub3d9 \ud568\uc218\uc758 \uc704\uc0c1 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc774\ub780?<\/h2>\n<p>\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1(Berry phase), \ub610\ub294 \ubca0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc704\uc0c1\uc740 \uc591\uc790\uc5ed\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud558\ub294 \ud574\ubc00\ud1a0\ub2c8\uc548(Hamiltonian) \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc774\ud074\uc744 \ud55c \ubc14\ud034 \ub3cc \ub54c, \ud30c\ub3d9 \ud568\uc218\uac00 \uc5bb\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uc704\uc0c1\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\ub3d9 \ud568\uc218\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uad00\uce21\uce58\ub3c4 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uc704\uc0c1\ub9cc\uc774 \ubcc0\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 1984\ub144\uc5d0 \ub9c8\uc774\ud074 \ubca0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucc98\uc74c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \uc774\ub798\ub85c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc591\uc790\uc5ed\ud559 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uacfc \uace0\uc804\uc801 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c \uc8fc\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc758 \uacc4\uc0b0<\/h2>\n<p>\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc544\ub514\uc544\ubc14\ud2f1 \uadfc\uc0ac\ubc95\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc0b0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub514\uc544\ubc14\ud2f1 \uc870\uac74\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud5e4\ub974\ubbf8\ud2b8 \ud574\ubc00\ud1a0\ub2c8\uc548\uc774 \uc678\ubd80 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud558\uace0, \uc774 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc9c\ucc9c\ud788 \ubcc0\ud560 \ub54c, \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \uc989\uac01\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc720 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uace0\uc720 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc11c\ub85c \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc77c\ub828\uc758 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130 \ubcc0\uacbd \ud6c4 \ucd08\uae30 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uace0\uc720 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\uc744 \ub54c, \uadf8 \uc704\uc0c1\uc740 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc704\uc0c1\uacfc \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \ubc14\ub85c \ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc218\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1 \u03c6\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uacc4\uc0b0\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\phi = \\oint_C \\langle \\psi(\\mathbf{R}) | i \\nabla_{\\mathbf{R}} \\psi(\\mathbf{R}) \\rangle \\cdot d\\mathbf{R}<br \/>\n\\]<\/p>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \\(\\psi(\\mathbf{R})\\)\ub294 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130 \\(\\mathbf{R}\\)\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uace0\uc720 \uc0c1\ud0dc, \\(C\\)\ub294 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub41c \uacbd\ub85c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \\(\\nabla_{\\mathbf{R}}\\)\ub294 \\(\\mathbf{R}\\)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadf8\ub798\ub514\uc5b8\ud2b8 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9<\/h2>\n<p>\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ubd84\uc790 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud575\uc758 \uc704\uce58 \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc804\uc790 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \uc751\uc9d1\ubb3c\uc9c8 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc774 \uc790\uc131, \uad11\ud559\uc801 \uc131\uc9c8 \ubc0f \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 \ud0d1\uceec \uc778\uc290\ub808\uc774\ud130\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1d\ud600\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\uc0c1\uc744 \ud68d\ub4dd\ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uc801 \uc131\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc740 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ud654\ud559, \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559, \uacf5\ud559 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uacfc\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc751\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ub098\ub178 \uad6c\uc870\uccb4\uc758 \uc124\uacc4 \ubc0f \uc81c\uc5b4, \uc591\uc790 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud305\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4 \ucf54\ub529 \ubc0f \uc5d0\ub7ec \uc218\uc815 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\ub9c8\uce58\uba70<\/h2>\n<p>\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc740 \uace0\uc804\uc801\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc591\uc790\uc801\uc778 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubb3c\ub9ac \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc704\uc0c1\uc758 \ubc1c\uacac\uc740 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc744 \ub354 \uae4a\uc774 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uba70, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uae30\uc220\uc801 \uc751\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud574 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uce21\uba74\uc774 \ub354 \uae4a\uc774 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub418\uace0, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uae30\uc220\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \ud06c\uac8c \uae30\uc5ec\ud560 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub300\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ubca0\ub9ac \uc704\uc0c1\uc740 \uc591\uc790\uc5ed\ud559 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\uac00 \uc0ac\uc774\ud074\uc744 \ub3cc \ub54c \ud30c\ub3d9 \ud568\uc218\uc758 \uc704\uc0c1 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 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