{"id":208586,"date":"2024-03-21T14:06:11","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T14:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%ea%b8%b4%ec%a6%88%eb%b2%84%ea%b7%b8-%eb%9e%80%eb%8b%a4%ec%9a%b0-%ec%9d%b4%eb%a1%a0-%ea%b0%9c%eb%85%90-%ec%a0%81%ec%9a%a9-%eb%b0%8f-%ec%8b%a4%eb%a1%80\/"},"modified":"2024-05-15T11:29:50","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T11:29:50","slug":"%ea%b8%b4%ec%a6%88%eb%b2%84%ea%b7%b8-%eb%9e%80%eb%8b%a4%ec%9a%b0-%ec%9d%b4%eb%a1%a0-%ea%b0%9c%eb%85%90-%ec%a0%81%ec%9a%a9-%eb%b0%8f-%ec%8b%a4%eb%a1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ko\/%ea%b8%b4%ec%a6%88%eb%b2%84%ea%b7%b8-%eb%9e%80%eb%8b%a4%ec%9a%b0-%ec%9d%b4%eb%a1%a0-%ea%b0%9c%eb%85%90-%ec%a0%81%ec%9a%a9-%eb%b0%8f-%ec%8b%a4%eb%a1%80\/","title":{"rendered":"\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860 | \uac1c\ub150, \uc801\uc6a9 \ubc0f \uc2e4\ub840"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \ucd08\uc720\uccb4\uc758 \uc0c1\uc804\uc774\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac \uc774\ub860\uc73c\ub85c, \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc790\uc720 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ubcc0\ud654\uc640 \uc8fc\ubb38 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc758 \uac1c\ub150<\/h2>\n

\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \ucd08\uc720\uccb4 \uac19\uc740 2\ucc28 \uc0c1\uc804\uc774\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub41c \ubb3c\ub9ac \uc774\ub860\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc790 \ub808\ud504 \ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0\uc640 \ube4c\ud5ec\ub984 \uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc81c\uc548\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \uc0c1\uc804\uc774 \uadfc\ucc98\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc790\uc720 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uae30\uc220\ud558\ub294 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \ud544\ub4dc \uc774\ub860\uc73c\ub85c, \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc0c1\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc8fc\ubb38 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218(order parameter)\ub77c\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc8fc\ubb38 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \uc0c1\uc804\uc774 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \ud06c\uae30\uc640 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc774 \uacb0\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc758 \uc218\ud559\uc801 \ud45c\ud604<\/h2>\n

\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc758 \uc790\uc720 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 F\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc218\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n

\\[
\nF[\\psi] = \\int \\left( \\alpha|\\psi|^2 + \\frac{\\beta}{2}|\\psi|^4 + \\frac{1}{2m}|\\nabla \\psi|^2 \\right) d^3r
\n\\]<\/p>\n

\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c, \\(\\psi\\)\ub294 \uc8fc\ubb38 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\uc774\uba70, \\(\\alpha\\)\uc640 \\(\\beta\\)\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8 \ud2b9\uc131\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294 \uacc4\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \\(\\nabla \\psi\\)\ub294 \uc8fc\ubb38 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uacf5\uac04\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uace0, \\(m\\)\uc740 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc9c8\ub7c9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\\(\\alpha\\) \uacc4\uc218\ub294 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc628\ub3c4\uac00 \uc784\uacc4 \uc628\ub3c4 \\(T_c\\) \uc544\ub798\ub85c \ub0b4\ub824\uac00\uba74 \uc74c\uc218\uac00 \ub418\uace0, \uadf8 \uc704\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uac00\uba74 \uc591\uc218\uac00 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc0c1\uc804\uc774\uac00 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc870\uc808\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc758 \uc801\uc6a9<\/h2>\n

\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uc640 \ucd08\uc720\uccb4\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb3c\ub9ac \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc8fc\ubb38 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc804\uc790\uc30d\uc758 \ubc00\ub3c4\ud30c\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc774 \uc800\ud56d \uc5c6\uc774 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc784\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub610\ud55c, \uc774 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \uc0c1\uc804\uc774 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc774\ub860\uc801 \ud2c0\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uba70, \uacb0\uc815\ud559, \uc790\uc131, \ubc0f \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc751\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\ub840 \uc5f0\uad6c<\/h2>\n

\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc758 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 \uace0\uc628 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \ubc1c\uacac\uacfc \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\uc628 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub192\uc740 \uc784\uacc4 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \uc774\ub860\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc124\uba85\uc774 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc7ac\ub8cc\uc758 \uc0c1\uc804\uc774 \ud2b9\uc131\uacfc \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc744 \ub354 \uc798 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc608\ub85c\ub294 \uc561\uccb4 \ud5ec\ub968\uc758 \ucd08\uc720\uccb4 \uc804\uc774\ub97c \ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc561\uccb4 \ud5ec\ub968\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd08\uc720\uccb4 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc804\uc774\ub418\uba70, \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \uc774\ub860\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ucd08\uc720\uccb4\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uacfc \uadf8 \ubcc0\ud654 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc815\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\ub807\uac8c \uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ud574\uc640 \uae30\uc220\uc801 \uc751\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uad6c\uc870 \ubc0f \ub3d9\uc791 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud574\uc8fc\uba70, \uacfc\ud559 \uae30\uc220\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \ucd08\uc720\uccb4\uc758 \uc0c1\uc804\uc774\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac \uc774\ub860\uc73c\ub85c, \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc790\uc720 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ubcc0\ud654\uc640 \uc8fc\ubb38 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[95],"class_list":["post-208586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-94","tag-95","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\n\uae34\uc988\ubc84\uadf8-\ub780\ub2e4\uc6b0 \uc774\ub860 | \uac1c\ub150, \uc801\uc6a9 \ubc0f \uc2e4\ub840<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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