{"id":208540,"date":"2024-03-21T14:05:55","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T14:05:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%ed%95%a0%eb%8d%b0%ec%9d%b8-%ea%b0%ad-%ec%a0%95%ec%9d%98-%eb%b0%9c%ea%b2%ac-%ea%b7%b8%eb%a6%ac%ea%b3%a0-%ec%a4%91%ec%9a%94%ec%84%b1\/"},"modified":"2024-05-15T11:29:14","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T11:29:14","slug":"%ed%95%a0%eb%8d%b0%ec%9d%b8-%ea%b0%ad-%ec%a0%95%ec%9d%98-%eb%b0%9c%ea%b2%ac-%ea%b7%b8%eb%a6%ac%ea%b3%a0-%ec%a4%91%ec%9a%94%ec%84%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ko\/%ed%95%a0%eb%8d%b0%ec%9d%b8-%ea%b0%ad-%ec%a0%95%ec%9d%98-%eb%b0%9c%ea%b2%ac-%ea%b7%b8%eb%a6%ac%ea%b3%a0-%ec%a4%91%ec%9a%94%ec%84%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d | \uc815\uc758, \ubc1c\uacac, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc911\uc694\uc131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc740 1\ucc28\uc6d0 \ud56d\uc790\uc131 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub9b0\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uac2d\uc73c\ub85c, \ubc18\uc815\uc218 \uc2a4\ud540 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9 \uc2dc \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uc591\uc790 \uc5ed\ud559\uc801 \ud604\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc758 \uc815\uc758<\/h2>\n

\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d(Haldane gap)\uc740 \uacac\uace0\ud55c \uc785\uc790 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc73c\ub85c, \uc8fc\ub85c 1\ucc28\uc6d0 \ud56d\uc790\uc131 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub9b0\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uac2d\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc790 F.D.M. Haldane\uc774 1983\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c \ub4a4 \uadf8\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub530\uc11c \uba85\uba85\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc740 \ud56d\uc790\uc131 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub9b0 \uccb4\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2a4\ud540 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \uc815\uc218\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \ubc18\uc815\uc218(\uc608: 1\/2, 3\/2 \ub4f1)\uc77c \ub54c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uac2d\uc744 \uc9c0\uce6d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac2d\uc740 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub9b0\uc774 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc57d\ud55c \uc591\uc790 \uc5ed\ud559\uc801 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc11c\ub85c ‘\uc5c9\ud0b4(entanglement)’\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc758 \ubc1c\uacac<\/h2>\n

F.D.M. Haldane\uc740 1983\ub144 \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574, \uac89\ubcf4\uae30\uc5d0 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c 1\ucc28\uc6d0 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub9b0 \uccb4\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\uc0c1\uce58 \ubabb\ud55c \uc591\uc790 \uc5ed\ud559\uc801 \uac70\ub3d9\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uc2a4\ud53c\ub9b0 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \ubc18\uc815\uc218\uc77c \ub54c, \uc774\uccb4\uc778\uc740 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uac2d\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \uc591\uc790 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ubc14\ub01d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc218\ud559\uc801 \ud45c\ud604\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\text{\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uac2d} = \\Delta E = E_1 – E_0
\n\\]<\/p>\n

\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \\(E_0\\)\uc740 \uccb4\uc778\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc774\uace0, \\(E_1\\)\uc740 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud765\ubd84 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc740 \\(E_1\\)\uacfc \\(E_0\\) \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131<\/h2>\n

\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc740 \uc591\uc790 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud305, \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc591\uc790 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac16\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac2d\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc591\uc790 \uc5ed\ud559\uc801 \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uacfc \uc9c1\uacb0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

1. **\uc591\uc790 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud305**: \ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc591\uc790 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc720\ub9ac\uc810\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc740 \uc591\uc790 entanglement\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294\ub370 \ub354 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc774\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc591\uc790 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud305\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

2. **\ucd08\uc804\ub3c4\uccb4**: \ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc740 \uc800\uc628\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \ub420 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ucd08\uc804\ub3c4 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc804\uc1a1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\uc220\uc801 \uc751\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc720\ub9dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

3. **\uacfc\ud559 \uc774\ub860 \uc5f0\uad6c**: \ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \uacfc\ud559 \uc774\ub860, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc591\uc790 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n

\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc740 \uc591\uc790 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubc1c\uacac\uc774\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud604\ub300 \uae30\uc220\uc758 \ud1a0\ub300\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ud604\uc0c1 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud560\ub370\uc778\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud070 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uba70, \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc740 \uacfc\ud559\uc801 \ubc1c\uacac\uacfc \uae30\uc220\uc801 \ud601\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc6b0\uc8fc\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc740 1\ucc28\uc6d0 \ud56d\uc790\uc131 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub9b0\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uac2d\uc73c\ub85c, \ubc18\uc815\uc218 \uc2a4\ud540 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9 \uc2dc \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uc591\uc790 \uc5ed\ud559\uc801 \ud604\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[95],"class_list":["post-208540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-94","tag-95","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\n\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d | \uc815\uc758, \ubc1c\uacac, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc911\uc694\uc131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\ud560\ub370\uc778 \uac2d\uc740 1\ucc28\uc6d0 \ud56d\uc790\uc131 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