{"id":148611,"date":"2024-04-27T16:54:01","date_gmt":"2024-04-27T16:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%ec%a0%84%ec%95%95-%ed%94%bc%eb%93%9c%eb%b0%b1-%ec%a6%9d%ed%8f%ad%ea%b8%b0\/"},"modified":"2024-04-27T16:54:01","modified_gmt":"2024-04-27T16:54:01","slug":"%ec%a0%84%ec%95%95-%ed%94%bc%eb%93%9c%eb%b0%b1-%ec%a6%9d%ed%8f%ad%ea%b8%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ko\/%ec%a0%84%ec%95%95-%ed%94%bc%eb%93%9c%eb%b0%b1-%ec%a6%9d%ed%8f%ad%ea%b8%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\ub294 \uc804\uc790 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\ud3ed\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc804\uc790 \ud68c\ub85c\uc758 \uc77c\uc885\uc73c\ub85c, \uac10\uc1e0 \ubc0f \uc591\uc131 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub4dd \uc870\uc808 \ubc0f \uc131\ub2a5 \uac1c\uc120\uc5d0 \ud65c\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\uc804\uc555-\ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31-\uc99d\ud3ed\uae30.png\" alt=\"\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\ub780?<\/h2>\n<p>\uc804\uc790\uacf5\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\ub294 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc99d\ud3ed \uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc7a5\uce58 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc785\ub825\ub41c \uc2e0\ud638\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ucd9c\ub825 \uc2e0\ud638\uc5d0 \uc7ac\uc785\ub825\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc5bb\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc758 \uc591\uc744 \uc870\uc808\ud558\uc5ec \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac<\/h2>\n<p>\uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc5d0 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ucd9c\ub825 \uc2e0\ud638\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc785\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\ub824\ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub54c, \uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\ub294 \ucd9c\ub825 \uc804\uc555\uc758 \uc77c\uc815 \ube44\uc728\uc744 \uc785\ub825 \uc804\uc555\uc5d0 \uac00\uac10\ud558\uc5ec \uc548\uc815\uc131\uacfc \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4\ub97c \ub192\uc774\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \ud68c\ub85c\ub294 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc6d0\uce58 \uc54a\ub294 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc904\uc77c \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>\uac10\uc1e0 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31<\/u>: \ucd9c\ub825\uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc785\ub825\uc2e0\ud638\uc5d0 \ub354\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c, \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc774\ub4dd(Gain)\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uace0 \uc548\uc815\uc131\uc744 \ub192\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><u>\uc591\uc131 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31<\/u>: \ucd9c\ub825\uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc785\ub825\uc2e0\ud638\uc5d0 \ub354\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c, \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc99d\ud3ed \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ub192\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \uc591\uc131 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc740 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\uc131\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ud2b9\uc9d5 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 &#8216;\ud3d0\ub8e8\ud504 \uc774\ub4dd(Closed-loop gain)&#8217;\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3d0\ub8e8\ud504 \uc774\ub4dd\uc740 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uac00 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc99d\ud3ed \ube44\uc728\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<p>\\[ A_{cl} = \\frac{A_{ol}}{1 + A_{ol} * \\beta} \\]<\/p>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \\( A_{ol} \\)\uc740 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30 \uc774\ub4dd(Open-loop gain)\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uace0, \\( \\beta \\)\ub294 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \ube44\uc728\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub4ef, \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc740 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \uc870\uc808\ud558\uc5ec \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub3c4\uc640\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9<\/h2>\n<p>\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\ub294 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uc804\uc790 \ud68c\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc624\ub514\uc624 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc74c\uc9c8\uc744 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\uace0, \uace0\uc8fc\ud30c \ud68c\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2e0\ud638\uc758 \ubb34\uc120 \uc804\uc1a1\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \uc5f0\uc0b0 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30(OP-AMP)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc6a9\ub3c4\uc758 \uc99d\ud3ed \uae30\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub2e4\uc74c \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc124\uacc4\uc640 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud68c\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uad6c\ud604\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc548\uc815\uc131, \ub300\uc5ed\ud3ed, \ube44\uc120\ud615 \uc65c\uace1 \ub4f1 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30 \uc124\uacc4\uc758 \uace0\ub824\uc0ac\ud56d<\/h2>\n<p>\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30 \uc124\uacc4 \uc2dc \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ud575\uc2ec \uc694\uc18c\ub294 \uc548\uc815\uc131, \ub300\uc5ed\ud3ed, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ube44\uc120\ud615 \uc65c\uace1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\ub294 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uba70, \uc124\uacc4 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uad50\ud55c \ud29c\ub2dd\uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>\uc548\uc815\uc131<\/u>: \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \ud68c\ub85c\uc758 \uc6a9\uc774\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\ub294 \uc591\uc131 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. Bode Plot \ub4f1\uc758 \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud398\uc774\uc988 \uc5ec\uc720(phase margin)\uc640 \uc774\ub4dd \uc5ec\uc720(gain margin)\ub97c \ud3c9\uac00\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><u>\ub300\uc5ed\ud3ed<\/u>: \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uac00 \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc8fc\ud30c\uc218 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc740 \ub300\uc5ed\ud3ed\uc744 \ud655\uc7a5\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c, \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc801\uc808\ud55c \ub300\uc5ed\ud3ed\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><u>\ube44\uc120\ud615 \uc65c\uace1<\/u>: \uc2e0\ud638 \uc99d\ud3ed \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\ud638 \ud615\ud0dc\uac00 \ubcc0\ud615\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ube44\uc120\ud615 \uc65c\uace1\uc744 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc740 \ube44\uc120\ud615 \uc65c\uace1\uc744 \uc904\uc784\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub354 \uae68\ub057\ud55c \uc99d\ud3ed \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\uc2e4\uc81c \ud68c\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30 \uad6c\ud604<\/h2>\n<p>\uc2e4\uc81c \ud68c\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\ub97c \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \ub9ac\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130, \ucee4\ud328\uc2dc\ud130\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubd80\ud488\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \uc124\uacc4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc801\uc815\ud55c \uac12\uc758 \\( \\beta \\)\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \uc870\uc808\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc62c\ubc14\ub978 \ubd80\ud488 \uc120\ud0dd\uacfc \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ud68c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub294, \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \uad6c\uc131\uc740 \ud68c\ub85c\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uc800\ud558\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc5f0\uc0b0 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30 \ud68c\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc785\ub825\ub2e8\uacfc \ucd9c\ub825\ub2e8 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \ub9ac\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\ub97c \ubc30\uce58\ud558\uc5ec \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\uc758 \ud3d0\ub8e8\ud504 \uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \ubbf8\uc138 \uc870\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\ub85c\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc804\uc790 \uc7a5\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc131\ub2a5 \uc0ac\uc591\uc744 \ucda9\uc871\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n<p>\uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\ub294 \uc804\uc790 \ud68c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uad6c\uc131 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c, \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ucd9c\ub825 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\ub41c \uc804\uc555 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \uc99d\ud3ed\uae30\ub294 \uac10\uc1e0 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uacfc \uc591\uc131 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc758 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub4dd \uc870\uc815, \uc65c\uace1 \uac10\uc18c \ubc0f \ub300\uc5ed\ud3ed \uc81c\uc5b4\ub97c \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2ec\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc804\uc790 \uae30\uae30\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uacfc \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131\uc744 \ub192\uc774\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\uba70, \uace0\uae09 \uc74c\ud5a5 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 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