{"id":148538,"date":"2024-04-27T16:43:03","date_gmt":"2024-04-27T16:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%ec%8b%a4%eb%a6%ac%ec%bd%98-%ec%95%84%eb%b0%9c%eb%9e%80%ec%8a%88-%eb%8b%a4%ec%9d%b4%ec%98%a4%eb%93%9c\/"},"modified":"2024-04-27T16:43:11","modified_gmt":"2024-04-27T16:43:11","slug":"%ec%8b%a4%eb%a6%ac%ec%bd%98-%ec%95%84%eb%b0%9c%eb%9e%80%ec%8a%88-%eb%8b%a4%ec%9d%b4%ec%98%a4%eb%93%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ko\/%ec%8b%a4%eb%a6%ac%ec%bd%98-%ec%95%84%eb%b0%9c%eb%9e%80%ec%8a%88-%eb%8b%a4%ec%9d%b4%ec%98%a4%eb%93%9c\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 \uc804\uc555\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3cc\ud30c \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc790 \ubd80\ud488\uc73c\ub85c, \uacfc\uc804\uc555 \ubcf4\ud638\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\"\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58<\/p>\n

\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00?<\/h2>\n

\uc804\uae30\uc640 \uc790\uae30 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \uacf5\ud559\uacfc \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\uae30\ud559\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \uac83 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ubc14\ub85c \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc(Silicon Avalanche Diode, SAD)\uc778\ub370, \uc774 \uc18c\uc790\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uae30\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uc804\uc790 \ubd80\ud488 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c, \ub192\uc740 \uc804\uc555\uc5d0\uc11c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \ud0c0\uc785\uc758 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uac00 \ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \ud750\ub974\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc18c\uc790\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ud55c\ucabd\uc740 \uc591\uadf9(Positive, P) \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ucabd\uc740 \uc74c\uadf9(Negative, N)\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, P-N \uc811\ud569\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc77c\ubc18 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5(Reverse-Biased) \uc804\uc555\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815 “\uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \uc804\uc555”\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud558\uba74 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uac00 \ub3cc\ud30c(breakdown) \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uace0 \ub300\ub7c9\uc758 \uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub294 ‘\uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ud6a8\uacfc’\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac<\/h2>\n

\uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uac00 P-N \uc811\ud569 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ucda9\ubd84\ud55c \ud798\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5b4 \uc6d0\uc790\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ucd94\uac00 \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub5a8\uc5b4\ud2b8\ub9ac\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uba74, \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc810\ucc28 \uae30\uc874 \uc6d0\uc790\ub97c \ucda9\ub3cc\ud558\uc5ec \ucd94\uac00 \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ud574\ubc29\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba70, \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uba74\uc11c, \uc99d\uac00\ub41c \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \ub208\uc0ac\ud0dc\ucc98\ub7fc \ucd94\uac00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5f0\uc1c4\ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uba74\uc11c \uc804\ub958\uac00 \uae09\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc720\ubc1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \uc804\uc555\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba70, \uc774 \uc804\uc555 \uc774\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uac00 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc758 \uc124\uacc4\ub294 \uc774 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc18c\uc790\uac00 \uc190\uc0c1\ub420 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9<\/h2>\n

\uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uc804\uc555 \uc2a4\ud30c\uc774\ud06c(Voltage spikes)\ub098 \uacfc\uc804\uc555\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc804\uc790\ud68c\ub85c\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac11\uc791\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \ub192\uc740 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \ud68c\ub85c\uc5d0 \uc785\ub825\ub420 \ub54c, \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \uc804\uc555 \uc774\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uae09\uaca9\ud788 \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ucf1c \uacfc\uc804\uc555\uc774 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc18c\uc790\ub4e4\ub85c \uc720\uc785\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\uba70 \ud68c\ub85c\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud2b9\uc131\uc740 \uc11c\uc9c0 \ud504\ub85c\ud14d\ud130(Surge protectors)\ub098 \uc815\uc804\uae30 \ubc29\uc804(ESD, ElectroStatic Discharge) \ud504\ub85c\ud14d\ud130 \ub4f1\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc7a5\uce58\uc5d0 \ub110\ub9ac \uc751\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub610\ud55c \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uace0\uc8fc\ud30c \uc2e0\ud638 \uac80\ucd9c \ubc0f \uce21\uc815, \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\ud30c \ud1b5\uc2e0, \ub808\uc774\ub354 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\uc8fc\ud30c \uc2e0\ud638\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ube60\ub978 \ubc18\uc751 \uc18d\ub3c4\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uba70, \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc694\uad6c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ube60\ub978 \uc2a4\uc704\uce6d \uc18d\ub3c4\ub97c \uac00\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc758 \uc7a5\uc810\uacfc \ud55c\uacc4<\/h2>\n

\uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uac00 \ub110\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc774\uc720 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ube60\ub978 \uc751\ub2f5 \uc2dc\uac04\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \ub098\ub178\ucd08 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uc9e7\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uacfc\uc804\uc555\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf4\ud638\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uadf9\ud55c\uc758 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc804\uc790\uae30\uae30\ub97c \uc548\uc804\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\ud638\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uc7ac\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uba70, \uc77c\ud68c\uc131 \ubcf4\ud638 \uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uadf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud68c\ub85c\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud55c\uacc4\ub3c4 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uace0\uc628\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uc774 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \uc5f4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc190\uc0c1\ub420 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud68c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5f4 \uad00\ub9ac\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \uc804\uc555 \uc124\uc815\uc740 \uc81c\uc870 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ucca8\ub2e8 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n

\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uae30\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uace0\uae09 \ubd80\ud488\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 \uc804\uc555 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uae09\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \ub2a5\ub825\uc740 \uc11c\uc9c0 \ubcf4\ud638\uc640 \uace0\uc8fc\ud30c \uc2e0\ud638 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ud070 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc138\uc2ec\ud55c \uc124\uacc4\uc640 \uc5f4 \uad00\ub9ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uae30\uae30\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804\uc790\ud68c\ub85c\ub97c \ubbf8\uc138\ud55c \uc190\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc9c0\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uace0\uc8fc\ud30c \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \ud574\ub098\uac08 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc758 \uc774\ud574\ub294 \uc804\uc790\ud68c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\uc758 \uae4a\uc740 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ud568\uc591\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ub2e8\uacc4\uc774\uba70, \uacf5\ud559\uc790\uc640 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc804\uc790\uae30\ud559\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc801\uc6a9 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \uc608\uc2dc\uac00 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uae30\uc640 \uc790\uae30 \ud604\uc0c1\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \ud604\ub300 \uae30\uc220\uc5d0\uc11c \ube7c\ub193\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \ub098\uac08 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub294 \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 \uc804\uc555\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3cc\ud30c \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc790 \ubd80\ud488\uc73c\ub85c, \uacfc\uc804\uc555 \ubcf4\ud638\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":186482,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[89],"class_list":["post-148538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-88","tag-89","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\n\uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc544\ubc1c\ub780\uc288 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc | \uc791\ub3d9 \ubc29\uc2dd, \uc751\uc6a9 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8 \ubc0f \uc7a5\uc810<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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