{"id":147230,"date":"2024-04-27T13:39:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-27T13:39:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%ec%a0%84%ed%99%98-%ea%b3%a0%ec%a7%91-%eb%aa%a8%ed%84%b0\/"},"modified":"2024-04-27T13:40:04","modified_gmt":"2024-04-27T13:40:04","slug":"%ec%a0%84%ed%99%98-%ea%b3%a0%ec%a7%91-%eb%aa%a8%ed%84%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ko\/%ec%a0%84%ed%99%98-%ea%b3%a0%ec%a7%91-%eb%aa%a8%ed%84%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uc774 \uae30\uc0ac\ub294 \uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130(\ucee4\ubba4\ud14c\uc774\ud130 \ubaa8\ud130)\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc640 \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uba70, \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc804\uae30 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc790\uc138\ud788 \ub2e4\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\"\uc804\ud658<\/p>\n

\uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc6d0\ub9ac<\/h2>\n

\uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130(Commutation Motor) \ub610\ub294 \ud1b5\uce6d\ub418\ub294 ‘\ucee4\ubba4\ud14c\uc774\ud130 \ubaa8\ud130(commutator motor)’\ub294 \uc804\uae30\ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \ud55c \uc885\ub958\ub85c, \uc9c1\ub958\uc804\ub3d9\uae30(DC motor) \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uae30\uc640 \uc790\uae30 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubaa8\ud130\ub294 \uac00\uc804\uc81c\ud488, \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28, \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc7a5\ube44 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ub110\ub9ac \ud65c\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc804\uae30\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uae30\uacc4\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc694\uc18c\ub77c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc5d0\uc11c \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub4ef\uc774 ‘\uc804\ud658(Commutation)’\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ud658(Commutation)\uc740 \ubaa8\ud130 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uc815\ub958\uae30(Commutator)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc804\uadf9 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\uafd4\uc8fc\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ubaa8\ud130\uac00 \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud68c\uc804\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \uae30\ub2a5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc804\ub958\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uacfc \uc790\uae30\uc7a5 \uc0dd\uc131<\/h2>\n

\uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\ub958\ub294 \ucf54\uc77c\uc5d0 \ud750\ub974\uba74\uc11c \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ud130 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \ucf54\uc77c\uc740 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub97c \ub54c \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc5d0 \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\uba70, \uc774 \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc740 \uace0\uc815\ub41c \uc790\uc11d(\uc601\uad6c\uc790\uc11d \ud639\uc740 \uc804\uc790\uc11d)\uacfc \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud798\uc744 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud798\uc740 \ub85c\ub80c\uce20 \ud798(Lorentz Force)\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uba70, \ucf54\uc77c \ub0b4\uc758 \uc804\ud558\uac00 \uc6b4\ubc18\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ub958(I)\uc640 \uc790\uae30\uc7a5(B) \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 \ub450 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uc218\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub098\ub294 \uc870\uac74\ud558\uc5d0 \ud798(F)\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc218\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 F = I x B x L(sin\u03b8)\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub418\uba70, \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c L\uc740 \ucf54\uc77c\uc758 \uae38\uc774\uc774\uace0, \u03b8\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc640 \uc790\uae30\uc7a5 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uac01\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc815\ub958\uae30\uc640 \ube0c\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9 \uc6d0\ub9ac<\/h2>\n

\uc815\ub958\uae30\ub294 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \ud68c\uc804\ucd95\uc5d0 \ubd80\ucc29\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131 \uc138\uadf8\uba3c\ud2b8\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac01 \uc138\uadf8\uba3c\ud2b8\ub294 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \ucf54\uc77c\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub7ec\uc2dc\ub294 \uace0\uc815\ub41c \ubd80\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c, \uc815\ub958\uae30\uc758 \uc138\uadf8\uba3c\ud2b8\uac00 \ud68c\uc804\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ube0c\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc640 \uc811\ucd09\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \ucf54\uc77c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\ub4e4\uc5b4\uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubaa8\ud130\uac00 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc815\ub958\uae30 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ube0c\ub7ec\uc2dc\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc811\ucd09\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ubbf8\ub044\ub7ec\uc9c0\ub4ef\uc774 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \uad50\uccb4\ud558\uc5ec \ucf54\uc77c\uc5d0 \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ucf54\uc77c \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uc790\uae30\uc7a5 \ubc29\ud5a5\ub3c4 \ud568\uaed8 \ubc14\ub00c\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \ub85c\ud130(rotor)\ub294 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uac19\uc740 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ud68c\uc804\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc815\ub958\uae30\uc640 \ube0c\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc758 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc740 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uacfc \uc131\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub7ec\uc2dc\uac00 \uc815\ub958\uae30\uc5d0 \uc798 \ub9de\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac70\ub098 \ub9c8\ubaa8\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc804\uae30 \uc800\ud56d\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc774 \uc800\ud558\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uae30\uacc4\uc801 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc758 \uc0dd\uc131<\/h2>\n

\ucf54\uc77c\uc744 \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc640 \uc790\uae30\uc7a5\uc758 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \ud798\uc740 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \ud68c\uc804\ucd95\uc744 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\uac8c \ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n

\uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130\ub294 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uae30 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uacfc \uc131\ub2a5\uc740 \uc804\ub958, \uc790\uae30\uc7a5, \uace0\uc815 \ubd80\ud488\uc758 \ud488\uc9c8, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubaa8\ud130 \uc124\uacc4\uc640 \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\uc0c1 \uc0dd\ud65c\ubd80\ud130 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c, \ub2e4\uc74c \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9\uacfc \ucd5c\uc2e0 \uae30\uc220\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9<\/h2>\n

\uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \uc720\uc5f0\uc131\uacfc \uc870\uc808 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc3e\uc544\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc804\ub3d9 \ub4dc\ub9b4\uc774\ub098 \uace0\uc18d\uc5f4\ucc28\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uace0\uc18d\uae30\uacc4\ubd80\ud130, \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28 \ucc3d\ubb38\uc744 \uc5ec\ub2eb\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc791\uc740 \ubaa8\ud130\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0, \uadf8 \ud65c\uc6a9\ub3c4\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub113\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\uc804\uc81c\ud488\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ub85c\ubd07\uacf5\ud559\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0, \uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130\ub294 \uc815\ubc00\ud568\uacfc \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc804\ud658 \ub2a5\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \ubd80\ud488\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub610\ud55c, \uc774 \ubaa8\ud130\ub294 \ud56d\uacf5\uc6b0\uc8fc \ubc0f \ubc29\uc704 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc704\uc131\uc758 \ud0dc\uc591\uc804\uc9c0\ud310\uc744 \uc870\uc815\ud558\uac70\ub098, \ud56d\uacf5\uae30\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc774 \ubaa8\ud130\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac15\ud55c \ud798\uacfc \uc815\ubc00\ud55c \uc18d\ub3c4 \uc870\uc808\uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ub418\ub294 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ubc1c\ud718\ud558\uc8e0.<\/p>\n

\ucd5c\uc2e0 \uae30\uc220 \ubc0f \ubc1c\uc804 \ub3d9\ud5a5<\/h2>\n

\uae30\uc220\uc774 \uc9c4\ubcf4\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c, \uc804\ud658 \uace0\uc9d1 \ubaa8\ud130 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uacc4\uc18d \uc9c4\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uc2e0 \ubaa8\ud130\ub294 \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \ud6a8\uc728\uacfc \ub354 \ub0ae\uc740 \ubc1c\uc5f4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub354 \uae34 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc218\uba85\uc744 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uae30\uc220 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ube0c\ub7ec\uc2dc\ub9ac\uc2a4 DC \ubaa8\ud130\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubaa8\ud130\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ube0c\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc640 \uc815\ub958\uae30\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc804\uc790\uc801 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \uc804\ud658\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub9c8\ucc30\uacfc \ub9c8\ubaa8\ub97c \ud06c\uac8c \uc904\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub610\ud55c, \uc7ac\uc0dd \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uae30\uc220 \ubc0f \uc804\uae30\uc790\ub3d9\ucc28\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubaa8\ud130\uc758 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uacfc \uc131\ub2a5 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub9c8\ub828\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \ud68c\uc218\ud558\uc5ec \ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\ub85c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ucda9\uc804\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ubaa8\ud130\uac00 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n

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