{"id":147068,"date":"2024-04-27T13:18:30","date_gmt":"2024-04-27T13:18:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%ed%95%b4%ec%96%91-%ec%99%80%ec%9d%b4%ec%96%b4\/"},"modified":"2024-04-27T13:18:38","modified_gmt":"2024-04-27T13:18:38","slug":"%ed%95%b4%ec%96%91-%ec%99%80%ec%9d%b4%ec%96%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ko\/%ed%95%b4%ec%96%91-%ec%99%80%ec%9d%b4%ec%96%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc790\uae30\ud559\uc801 \uc6d0\ub9ac \ubc0f \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uc751\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc778 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc804\ub958 \ubc0f \ub9c8\uadf8\ub124\ud2f1 \ud544\ub4dc\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uae30\ubcf8 \uac1c\ub150 \uc774\ud574.<\/p>\n

\"\ud574\uc591<\/p>\n

\ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc640 \uc804\uae30 \uc790\uae30\ud559\uc758 \uae30\ucd08<\/h2>\n

\ud604\ub300 \ud574\uc591 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc740 \uad49\uc7a5\ud788 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uae4a\uc740 \ubc14\ub2e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc640 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc218\ub2e8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc804\uc120\uc774\ub098 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uacfc\ub294 \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c \uc81c\uc791\ub418\uace0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \ubc14\ub2e4\ub77c\ub294 \uac00\ud639\ud55c \ud658\uacbd\uc774 \uac16\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub3c4\uc804\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc744 \uacac\ub38c\ub0b4\uc57c \ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc640 \uc790\uae30\ud559 – \ub458 \ub2e4 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc758 \ud558\uc704 \ubd84\uc57c\uc778 – \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc804\uae30\uc640 \uc790\uae30\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uacc4\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c, \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud55c \uc2e0\ud638\uc640 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc758 \uc774\ub3d9\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uae30\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\uba70, \uc790\uae30\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub97c \ub54c \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uc131\ub418\ub294 \ub9c8\uadf8\ub124\ud2f1 \ud544\ub4dc(magnetic field)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub450 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \ud574\uc591 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\uba70, \uc804\uae30\uc790\uae30\ud559\uc758 \ubc95\uce59\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc804\uae30\uc758 \uae30\ucd08<\/h2>\n

\uc804\uae30\ub294 \uc804\ud558(charge)\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub098 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\ub958(current)\uac00 \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc790\uc720 \uc804\uc790(free electrons)\uac00 \ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc804\ud558\uc758 \uc774\ub3d9\uc740 \uc624\uc634\uc758 \ubc95\uce59(Ohm’s law)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc815\ub7c9\ud654\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \ubc95\uce59\uc740 V = I * R\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c V\ub294 \uc804\uc555(voltage), I\ub294 \uc804\ub958, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 R\uc740 \uc800\ud56d(resistance)\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub294 \ubc14\ub2e4\uc758 \uae4a\uc740 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uae30\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc800\ud56d\uc774 \ub0ae\uc544\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc790\uae30\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8<\/h2>\n

\ud55c\ud3b8, \uc790\uae30\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc640 \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub294 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc5d0 \ub9c8\uadf8\ub124\ud2f1 \ud544\ub4dc\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \uc559\ud398\ub974 \ubc95\uce59(Amp\u00e8re’s law)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc124\uba85\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc758 \ub9c8\uadf8\ub124\ud2f1 \ud544\ub4dc\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\uc640 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub192\uc740 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uba74 \ub354 \uac15\ud55c \ub9c8\uadf8\ub124\ud2f1 \ud544\ub4dc\uac00 \uc0dd\uae41\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud544\ub4dc\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud574\uc591 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uc751\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc804\uae30\uc640 \uc790\uae30 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc740 \ub9e5\uc2a4\uc6f0 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd(Maxwell’s equations)\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \uc124\uba85\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ubcc0\ud560 \ub54c \ub9c8\uadf8\ub124\ud2f1 \ud544\ub4dc\uac00 \ubcc0\ud558\uace0, \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \ub9c8\uadf8\ub124\ud2f1 \ud544\ub4dc\uac00 \ubcc0\ud560 \ub54c \uc804\ub958 \ud639\uc740 \uc804\ud558\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc774 \uc720\ub3c4\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \uc804\uc790\uae30 \uc720\ub3c4(electromagnetic induction)\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba70, \ud574\uc591 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc804\ub825 \uc804\uc1a1 \ubc0f \uc2e0\ud638 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uc124\uacc4\uc640 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc804\uae30\uc790\uae30\ud559\uc801 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \ub450\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\uace0 \ub9c8\uadf8\ub124\ud2f1 \ud544\ub4dc\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc7ac\ub8cc\uc640 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ubc14\ub2e4 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uacac\ub51c \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ubc29\uc218 \ubc0f \ub0b4\ubd80\uc2dd\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c \uc139\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc751\uc6a9 \uc0ac\ub840\uc640 \uae30\uc220\uc801 \uacfc\uc81c, \uadf8 \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub354 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9 \uc0ac\ub840<\/h2>\n

\ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub294 \ud574\uc800 \uc624\uc77c \ubc0f \uac00\uc2a4 \ud30c\uc774\ud504\ub77c\uc778, \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ucf00\uc774\ube14, \ud574\uc591 \ud0d0\uc0ac \uc7a5\ube44 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud574\uc800 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc740 \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uc778\ud130\ub137 \ud1b5\uc2e0\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uba70, \uc774 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ube5b\uc758 \uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c \uc804\uc1a1\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub294 \uc6d0\uaca9 \uc870\uc885 \ucc28\ub7c9(Remotely Operated Vehicles, ROVs)\uc758 \uc804\uc6d0 \uacf5\uae09\uacfc \uc81c\uc5b4 \uc2e0\ud638 \uc804\ub2ec\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc7a5\ube44\ub294 \ud574\uc591 \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4 \uc870\uc0ac\ub098 \ud574\uc800 \uad6c\uc870\ubb3c \uc810\uac80\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uae30\uc220\uc801 \uacfc\uc81c\uc640 \ud574\uacb0\ucc45<\/h2>\n

\ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub294 \uadf9\ub3c4\uc758 \uc218\uc555, \uc5fc\ubd84, \ubd80\uc2dd\uc131 \ud654\ud559 \ubb3c\uc9c8, \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ub9c8\ubaa8 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc5f4\uc545\ud55c \uc870\uac74\uc5d0 \uacac\ub51c \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub3c4\uc804\uc801\uc778 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub300\ucc98\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc740 \uace0\uac15\ub3c4 \ubc0f \ubd80\uc2dd \ubc29\uc9c0 \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub97c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\uace0 \ub354 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uacc4 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uc678\ubd80\ub294 \uc885\uc885 \ud3f4\ub9ac\uba38\ub098 \uace0\ubb34 \uac19\uc740 \ubc29\uc218 \uc18c\uc7ac\ub85c \ucf54\ud305\ub418\uba70, \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2a4\ud14c\uc778\ub9ac\uc2a4 \uc2a4\ud2f8, \ud2f0\ud0c0\ub284, \ub610\ub294 \ud569\uae08\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub0b4\uad6c\uc131 \uc788\ub294 \uae08\uc18d\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub610\ud55c, \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc13c\uc11c\uc640 \ubaa8\ub2c8\ud130\ub9c1 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \ud1b5\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uac10\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uc190\uc0c1 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc608\ubc29 \uc720\uc9c0 \ubcf4\uc218\ub97c \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uba70 \ud574\uc591 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \ub0b4\uad6c\uc131\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ud654\uc2dc\ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n

\ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub294 \uac00\ud639\ud55c \ud574\uc591 \ud658\uacbd \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc640 \uc815\ubcf4\uc758 \uc804\ub2ec\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uae30\uc640 \uc790\uae30\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uae4a\uc774 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uae30\uc220\uc758 \uc124\uacc4\uc640 \uc751\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uac00 \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \ub3c4\uc804\uc744 \uc774\uaca8\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uacac\uace0\ud55c \uc18c\uc7ac\uc758 \uc120\ud0dd\uacfc \ud601\uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uacc4 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\ucca8\ub2e8 \uacfc\ud559\uacfc \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uae30\uc220\uc758 \uacb0\ud569\uc73c\ub85c, \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\ub294 \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \uc788\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ub2e4\uc758 \uc2ec\uce35\uc744 \ud0d0\ud5d8\ud558\uace0 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3c5\uc790 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uaed8\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\uc81c \ud574\uc591 \uc640\uc774\uc5b4\uc640 \uc804\uae30\uc790\uae30\ud559\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc880 \ub354 \uae4a\uc740 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc168\uc744 \uac83\uc774\uba70, \uc774 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774 \ud574\uc591 \uae30\uc220\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uacfc \ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uae38 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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