{"id":209340,"date":"2024-03-21T14:07:27","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T14:07:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%e3%83%99%e3%83%aa%e3%83%bc%e4%bd%8d%e7%9b%b8-%e6%95%b0%e5%bc%8f%e3%83%bb%e5%ae%9a%e7%be%a9%e3%83%bb%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8\/"},"modified":"2024-05-17T15:10:51","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T15:10:51","slug":"%e3%83%99%e3%83%aa%e3%83%bc%e4%bd%8d%e7%9b%b8-%e6%95%b0%e5%bc%8f%e3%83%bb%e5%ae%9a%e7%be%a9%e3%83%bb%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ja\/%e3%83%99%e3%83%aa%e3%83%bc%e4%bd%8d%e7%9b%b8-%e6%95%b0%e5%bc%8f%e3%83%bb%e5%ae%9a%e7%be%a9%e3%83%bb%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8 | \u6570\u5f0f\u30fb\u5b9a\u7fa9\u30fb\u5fdc\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u3068\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3084\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u4f4d\u76f8\u5909\u5316\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3001\u9589\u3058\u305f\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u6ce2\u52d5\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u7372\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u4f4d\u76f8\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\uff08Berry Phase\uff09\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3084\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u4f4d\u76f8\u7684\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u6570\u5f0f\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/h2>\n<p>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u30de\u30a4\u30b1\u30eb\u30fb\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\uff08Michael Berry\uff09\u304c1984\u5e74\u306b\u63d0\u5531\u3057\u305f\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u7cfb\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u300c\u9589\u3058\u305f\u7d4c\u8def\u300d\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u3001\u6ce2\u52d5\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u7372\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u4f4d\u76f8\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u3042\u308b\u7d4c\u8def\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u521d\u671f\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u623b\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u6ce2\u52d5\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u30a8\u30af\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u306e\u4f4d\u76f8\u304c\u8ffd\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306e\u6570\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306e\u6570\u5f0f\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b \\(|n(\\mathbf{R})>\\) \u304c\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf \\(\\mathbf{R} = (R_1, R_2, \\ldots, R_N)\\) \u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u9589\u3058\u305f\u7d4c\u8def \\(C\\) \u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8 \\(\\gamma\\) \u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\gamma = i \\oint_C <n(\\mathbf{R})|\\nabla_\\mathbf{R}|n(\\mathbf{R})> \\cdot d\\mathbf{R}<br \/>\n\\]<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u6570\u5f0f\u306f\u3001\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u63a5\u7d9a \\(\\mathbf{A} = i <n(\\mathbf{R})|\\nabla_\\mathbf{R}|n(\\mathbf{R})>\\) \u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3082\u66f8\u3051\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\gamma = \\oint_C \\mathbf{A} \\cdot d\\mathbf{R}<br \/>\n\\]<\/p>\n<h2>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306e\u5fdc\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u3084\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/h3>\n<p>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30c8\u30dd\u30ed\u30b8\u30ab\u30eb\u7d76\u7e01\u4f53\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30c8\u30dd\u30ed\u30b8\u30ab\u30eb\u7d76\u7e01\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u306f\u7d76\u7e01\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308a\u306a\u304c\u3089\u8868\u9762\u306f\u96fb\u6c17\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u7279\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306f\u3001\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u91cf\u5b50\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u52b9\u679c<\/h3>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u30012\u6b21\u5143\u96fb\u5b50\u7cfb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u5834\u3092\u5370\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306e\u7279\u7570\u306a\u8f38\u9001\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306b\u3082\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u304c\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u304c\u78c1\u5834\u4e2d\u3067\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30c8\u30ed\u30f3\u904b\u52d5\u3092\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u4f4d\u76f8\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u306b\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5149\u5b66<\/h3>\n<p>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306f\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u3067\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u504f\u5149\u5149\u306e\u4f4d\u76f8\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3084\u3001\u5149\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4f4d\u76f8\u5909\u5316\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3088\u308a\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u5149\u5b66\u88c5\u7f6e\u3084\u6280\u8853\u306e\u958b\u767a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n<p>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u3068\u3059\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u5fc5\u9808\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4f4d\u76f8\u306f\u3001\u7cfb\u304c\u9589\u3058\u305f\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u4f4d\u76f8\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u306f\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u52b9\u679c\u3001\u5149\u5b66\u306a\u3069\u591a\u5c90\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8208\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6df1\u304f\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5965\u304c\u6df1\u304f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u767a\u898b\u304c\u5f85\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc\u4f4d\u76f8\u3068\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3084\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u4f4d\u76f8\u5909\u5316\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3001\u9589\u3058\u305f\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u6ce2\u52d5\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u7372\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u4f4d\u76f8\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[97],"class_list":["post-209340","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-96","tag-97","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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