{"id":209270,"date":"2024-03-21T14:07:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T14:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%e3%82%ac%e3%82%a6%e3%82%b9%e3%81%ae%e6%b3%95%e5%89%87-%e8%aa%98%e9%9b%bb%e4%bd%93%e3%81%ae%e8%a7%a3%e8%aa%ac%e3%81%a8%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8\/"},"modified":"2024-05-17T15:09:48","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T15:09:48","slug":"%e3%82%ac%e3%82%a6%e3%82%b9%e3%81%ae%e6%b3%95%e5%89%87-%e8%aa%98%e9%9b%bb%e4%bd%93%e3%81%ae%e8%a7%a3%e8%aa%ac%e3%81%a8%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ja\/%e3%82%ac%e3%82%a6%e3%82%b9%e3%81%ae%e6%b3%95%e5%89%87-%e8%aa%98%e9%9b%bb%e4%bd%93%e3%81%ae%e8%a7%a3%e8%aa%ac%e3%81%a8%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247 | \u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\u3068\u5fdc\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b5\u3084\u9ad8\u96fb\u5727\u7d76\u7e01\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f8b\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247 | \u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\u3068\u5fdc\u7528<\/h2>\n

\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u96fb\u5834\u3068\u96fb\u8377\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u6cd5\u5247\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u3068\u3066\u3082\u5f37\u529b\u3067\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u9762\u3067\u5f79\u306b\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u3001\u9589\u66f2\u9762\u3092\u901a\u308b\u96fb\u6c17\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u7dcf\u96fb\u8377\u306b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6570\u5f0f\u3067\u8868\u3059\u3068\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\oint_{S} \\mathbf{E} \\cdot d\\mathbf{A} = \\frac{Q_{\\text{enc}}}{\\epsilon_0}
\n\\]<\/p>\n

\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001
\n– \\(\\oint_{S} \\mathbf{E} \\cdot d\\mathbf{A}\\) \u306f\u9589\u66f2\u9762 \\(S\\) \u3092\u901a\u308b\u96fb\u6c17\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3001
\n– \\(\\mathbf{E}\\) \u306f\u96fb\u5834\u3001
\n– \\(d\\mathbf{A}\\) \u306f\u9762\u7a4d\u8981\u7d20\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3001
\n– \\(Q_{\\text{enc}}\\) \u306f\u9589\u66f2\u9762\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u7dcf\u96fb\u8377\u3001
\n– \\(\\epsilon_0\\) \u306f\u771f\u7a7a\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\uff08\u7d04 \\(8.854 \\times 10^{-12} \\, \\text{F\/m}\\)\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u300c\u4e2d\u592e\u306b\u96fb\u8377\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u308f\u308a\u306e\u8868\u9762\u306b\u51fa\u5165\u308a\u3059\u308b\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u96fb\u8377\u306b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\uff08Dilectric\uff09\u306f\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u306b\u7d76\u7e01\u3059\u308b\u6750\u6599\u3067\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u96fb\u5834\u304c\u52a0\u308f\u308b\u3068\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u96fb\u6975\u3092\u8a98\u96fb\u504f\u6975\u3055\u305b\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u6301\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306f\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u504f\u6975\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u96fb\u5834\u3092\u5f31\u3081\u308b\u50cd\u304d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7528\u9014\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a
\n– \u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b5\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u6750\u6599
\n– \u9ad8\u983b\u5ea6\u56de\u8def\u306e\u7d76\u7e01\u4f53
\n– \u5149\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u88ab\u8986\u6750<\/p>\n

\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u7387 \\(\\epsilon\\) \u306f\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u304c\u96fb\u5834\u306b\u3069\u3046\u53cd\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\epsilon = \\epsilon_0 \\kappa
\n\\]<\/p>\n

\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\\(\\epsilon_0\\) \u306f\u771f\u7a7a\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u3001\\(\\kappa\\) \u306f\u6bd4\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/h2>\n

\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3082\u9069\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u96fb\u5834 \\(\\mathbf{E}\\) \u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5909\u4f4d\u96fb\u5834 \\(\\mathbf{D}\\) \u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u5185\u3067\u306e\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\oint_{S} \\mathbf{D} \\cdot d\\mathbf{A} = Q_{\\text{free}}
\n\\]<\/p>\n

\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001
\n– \\(\\mathbf{D} = \\epsilon \\mathbf{E}\\) \u306f\u5909\u4f4d\u96fb\u5834\u3001
\n– \\(Q_{\\text{free}}\\) \u306f\u9589\u66f2\u9762\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u7531\u96fb\u8377\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u306f\u300c\u305f\u3060\u306e\u96fb\u8377\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5834\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u3082\u8003\u616e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b<\/h2>\n

\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u6280\u8853\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u5fdc\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u4f8b\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b5<\/h3>\n

\u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b5\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u9759\u96fb\u7684\u306b\u84c4\u3048\u308b\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b5\u306e\u5bb9\u91cf\u3092\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u5897\u3084\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5bb9\u91cf \\(C\\) \u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5f0f\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff1a<\/p>\n

\\[
\nC = \\kappa \\epsilon_0 \\frac{A}{d}
\n\\]<\/p>\n

\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001
\n– \\(\\kappa\\) \u306f\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u6bd4\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u3001
\n– \\(A\\) \u306f\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u9762\u7a4d\u3001
\n– \\(d\\) \u306f\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u9593\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u96fb\u5727\u7d76\u7e01<\/h3>\n

\u9ad8\u96fb\u5727\u56de\u8def\u3084\u6a5f\u5668\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u7d76\u7e01\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u96fb\u529b\u3092\u5b89\u5168\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u6271\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u6750\u6599\u306e\u539a\u3055\u3084\u914d\u7f6e\u3092\u8a2d\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u96fb\u5834\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n

\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u6cd5\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3068\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u6d3b\u304b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u6280\u8853\u3084\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u304c\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u6a5f\u306b\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6df1\u304f\u7269\u7406\u3084\u5de5\u5b66\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u3092\u63a2\u7d22\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b5\u3084\u9ad8\u96fb\u5727\u7d76\u7e01\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f8b\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[97],"class_list":["post-209270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-96","tag-97","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\n\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247 | \u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\u3068\u5fdc\u7528<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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