{"id":209207,"date":"2024-03-21T14:06:36","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T14:06:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%e3%83%9b%e3%82%a4%e3%83%98%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b9-%e3%83%95%e3%83%ac%e3%83%8d%e3%83%ab%e3%81%ae%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86-%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e8%aa%ac%e3%81%a8%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8%e4%be%8b\/"},"modified":"2024-05-17T15:08:51","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T15:08:51","slug":"%e3%83%9b%e3%82%a4%e3%83%98%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b9-%e3%83%95%e3%83%ac%e3%83%8d%e3%83%ab%e3%81%ae%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86-%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e8%aa%ac%e3%81%a8%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ja\/%e3%83%9b%e3%82%a4%e3%83%98%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b9-%e3%83%95%e3%83%ac%e3%83%8d%e3%83%ab%e3%81%ae%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86-%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e8%aa%ac%e3%81%a8%e5%bf%9c%e7%94%a8%e4%be%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406 | \u539f\u7406\u89e3\u8aac\u3068\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u5149\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u3084\u56de\u6298\u3078\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3084\u5de5\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u5fc5\u9808\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u539f\u7406\u89e3\u8aac\u3068\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b<\/h2>\n

\n\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\uff08Huygens-Fresnel principle\uff09\u306f\u5149\u306e\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u5149\u304c\u6ce2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f1d\u308f\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3001\u5e72\u6e09\u3084\u56de\u6298\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306b\u6b20\u304b\u305b\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u3092\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\n\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u5149\u6ce2\u304c\u4f1d\u64ad\u3059\u308b\u69d8\u5b50\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30011678\u5e74\u306b\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u5531\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30ae\u30e5\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3-\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u62e1\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8981\u7d04\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff1a\n<\/p>\n

\n\u5404\u6ce2\u9762\u4e0a\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6ce2\u6e90\uff08\u6ce2\u6e90\u5b50\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6ce2\u6e90\u5b50\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u308b\u7403\u9762\u6ce2\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u6ce2\u9762\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u3053\u306e\u300c\u6ce2\u6e90\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u308b\u6ce2\u300d\u304c\u91cd\u306a\u308a\u5408\u3063\u3066\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6ce2\u9762\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u6ce2\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u3068\u56de\u6298\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\u6570\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8868\u73fe<\/h2>\n

\n\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6ce2\u52d5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3092\u7528\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6ce2\u52d5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u306e\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6ce2\u6e90\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5149\u306e\u632f\u5e45 \\( A \\) \u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff1a\n<\/p>\n

\n\\[ U(P) = \\frac{e^{ikr}}{r} \\]\n<\/pre>\n
\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001 \\( U(P) \\) \u306f\u70b9 \\( P \\) \u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5149\u306e\u632f\u5e45\u3001 \\( k \\) \u306f\u6ce2\u6570\u3001 \\( r \\) \u306f\u70b9 \\( P \\) \u307e\u3067\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3001 \\( i \\) \u306f\u865a\u6570\u5358\u4f4d\u3001 \\( e \\) \u306f\u30cd\u30a4\u30d4\u30a2\u6570\u3067\u3059\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u306f\u3001\u6ce2\u6e90\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6ce2\u304c\u7403\u9762\u6ce2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f1d\u64ad\u3059\u308b\u904e\u7a0b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7403\u9762\u6ce2\u306f\u3001\u5168\u3066\u306e\u6ce2\u6e90\u5b50\u306e\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3092\u5408\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b\uff1a\u5149\u306e\u5e72\u6e09<\/h2>\n
\n\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u5149\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30e4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u30b9\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6ce2\u304c\u5e72\u6e09\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff1a\n<\/p>\n
\n\\[ I = I_0 \\left[ 1 + \\cos \\left( \\frac{2\\pi d \\sin \\theta}{\\lambda} \\right) \\right] \\]\n<\/pre>\n
\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001 \\( I \\) \u306f\u5e72\u6e09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5149\u5f37\u5ea6\u3001 \\( I_0 \\) \u306f\u6700\u5927\u5149\u5f37\u5ea6\u3001 \\( d \\) \u306f\u30b9\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u9593\u8ddd\u96e2\u3001 \\( \\theta \\) \u306f\u89b3\u5bdf\u89d2\u5ea6\u3001 \\( \\lambda \\) \u306f\u5149\u306e\u6ce2\u9577\u3067\u3059\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u304b\u3089\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5149\u304c\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30b9\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u3066\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6ce2\u304c\u91cd\u306a\u308a\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5e72\u6e09\u7e1e\u304c\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3068\u3001\u5404\u30b9\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u305f\u6ce2\u6e90\u5b50\u304c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6ce2\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6ce2\u304c\u91cd\u306a\u308a\u5408\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u660e\u6697\u306e\u7e1e\u6a21\u69d8\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b\uff1a\u5149\u306e\u56de\u6298<\/h2>\n
\n\u5149\u306e\u56de\u6298\u3082\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5358\u30b9\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u56de\u6298\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u5404\u70b9\u304c\u6ce2\u6e90\u5b50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6ce2\u304c\u91cd\u306d\u5408\u308f\u3055\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u56de\u6298\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u56de\u6298\u5f37\u5ea6 \\( I \\) \u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff1a\n<\/p>\n
\n\\[ I(\\theta) = I_0 \\left( \\frac{\\sin (\\pi a \\sin \\theta \/ \\lambda)}{\\pi a \\sin \\theta \/ \\lambda} \\right)^2 \\]\n<\/pre>\n
\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001 \\( I_0 \\) \u306f\u6700\u5927\u56de\u6298\u5f37\u5ea6\u3001 \\( a \\) \u306f\u30b9\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u5e45\u3001 \\( \\theta \\) \u306f\u56de\u6298\u89d2\u3001 \\( \\lambda \\) \u306f\u5149\u306e\u6ce2\u9577\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u56de\u6298\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5f37\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u30b9\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u5e45\u3084\u5149\u306e\u6ce2\u9577\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n
\n\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306f\u3001\u5149\u306e\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5149\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u3084\u56de\u6298\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u304b\u3064\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3084\u5de5\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30db\u30a4\u30d8\u30f3\u30b9-\u30d5\u30ec\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\u4eca\u5f8c\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b\u3084\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6398\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5149\u306e\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u3088\u308a\u4e00\u5c64\u6df1\u307e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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