{"id":143330,"date":"2024-01-14T13:04:21","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:04:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/%e3%82%ac%e3%82%a6%e3%82%b9%e3%81%ae%e6%b3%95%e5%89%87-%e3%82%b9%e3%83%86%e3%83%bc%e3%83%88%e3%83%a1%e3%83%b3%e3%83%88%e3%80%81%e5%85%ac%e5%bc%8f%e3%80%81%e3%81%8a%e3%82%88%e3%81%b3%e3%82%a2\/"},"modified":"2024-02-21T18:53:48","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T18:53:48","slug":"%e3%82%ac%e3%82%a6%e3%82%b9%e3%81%ae%e6%b3%95%e5%89%87-%e3%82%b9%e3%83%86%e3%83%bc%e3%83%88%e3%83%a1%e3%83%b3%e3%83%88%e3%80%81%e5%85%ac%e5%bc%8f%e3%80%81%e3%81%8a%e3%82%88%e3%81%b3%e3%82%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/ja\/%e3%82%ac%e3%82%a6%e3%82%b9%e3%81%ae%e6%b3%95%e5%89%87-%e3%82%b9%e3%83%86%e3%83%bc%e3%83%88%e3%83%a1%e3%83%b3%e3%83%88%e3%80%81%e5%85%ac%e5%bc%8f%e3%80%81%e3%81%8a%e3%82%88%e3%81%b3%e3%82%a2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247 | \u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3001\u516c\u5f0f\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306e\u6982\u8981<\/h2>\n<p>\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u5b9a\u7406\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u308b\u96fb\u5834\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u3001\u9589\u3058\u305f\u8868\u9762\u306b\u56f2\u307e\u308c\u305f\u96fb\u8377\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8868\u9762\u3092\u901a\u308b\u5168\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3068\u3092\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u96fb\u5834\u304c\u305d\u306e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u306e\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3082\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5782\u76f4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u96fb\u5834\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u30af\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u3001\u9759\u6b62\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u96fb\u8377\u3068\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7570\u306a\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u30af\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3088\u308a\u3082\u9069\u7528\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u306f<\/h2>\n<p>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u4eee\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u9589\u3058\u305f\u8868\u9762\u3092\u901a\u308b\u6b63\u5473\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9589\u3058\u305f\u8868\u9762\u5185\u306e\u6b63\u5473\u306e\u96fb\u8377\u306b1\/\u03b5<sub>0<\/sub>\uff08\u03b5<sub>0<\/sub>\u306f\u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u9593\u306e\u900f\u78c1\u7387\uff09\u3092\u639b\u3051\u305f\u5024\u306b\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f0f\u3067\u8868\u3059\u3068\u3001\u03a6<sub>E<\/sub> = Q\/\u03b5<sub>0<\/sub>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u96fb\u5834\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u304b\u3089\u300c\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u7dda\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u653e\u5c04\u3055\u308c\u308b\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56f3\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u7dda\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u96fb\u5834\u7dda\u306f\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u5f37\u5ea6\u3068\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u8996\u899a\u7684\u306b\u8868\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u96fb\u6c17\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3068\u306f<\/h2>\n<p>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u306f\u96fb\u6c17\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u9818\u57df\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b\u96fb\u5834\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u96fb\u6c17\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u8868\u9762\u3092\u901a\u308b\u96fb\u5834\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u91cf\u3092\u6e2c\u308b\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5747\u4e00\u306a\u96fb\u5834E\u304c\u9762\u7a4dA\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u03a6\u306f\u03a6 = E x A\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30d9\u30af\u30c8\u30ebE\u306b\u5782\u76f4\u306a\u9762\u7a4d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5747\u4e00\u3067\u306a\u3044\u96fb\u5834\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u9762\u7a4ddA\u3092\u901a\u308b\u96fb\u6c17\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9d\u03a6<sub>E<\/sub>\u306f\u3001d\u03a6<sub>E<\/sub> = E x dA\u3068\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u7a4d\u5206\u3057\u3066\u7dcf\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306e\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u3001\u9589\u3058\u305f\u8868\u9762\u3092\u901a\u308b\u96fb\u6c17\u30d5\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8868\u9762\u5185\u306b\u9589\u3058\u8fbc\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u96fb\u8377Q<sub>encl<\/sub>\u3068\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u03b5<sub>0<\/sub>\u306f\u30af\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u3082\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u540c\u3058\u5b9a\u6570\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u9593\u306e\u900f\u78c1\u7387\uff09\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5de6\u5074\u306e\u7a4d\u5206\u306f\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u9589\u3058\u305f\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u306eE\u306e\u5024\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u8868\u9762\u3092\u9078\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002Q<sub>encl<\/sub>\u306f\u305d\u306e\u8868\u9762\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u56f2\u307e\u308c\u305f\u6b63\u5473\u306e\u96fb\u8377\u3067\u3059\u3002\u96fb\u8377\u304c\u8868\u9762\u5185\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u95a2\u4fc2\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8868\u9762\u306e\u5916\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u96fb\u8377\u306f\u542b\u3081\u3066\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306e\u5fdc\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u5206\u5e03\u304c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u5bfe\u79f0\u7684\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306b\u96fb\u5834\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8868\u9762\u3092\u9078\u3076\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u3092\u6700\u5927\u9650\u306b\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3001\u7a4d\u5206\u304b\u3089E\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u300d\u8868\u9762\u3092\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u9078\u3076\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001E\u304c\u305d\u306e\u8868\u9762\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e00\u90e8\u3067\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u3061\u3087\u3046\u3069\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8868\u9762\u3092\u8003\u3048\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u8cea\u554f<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u5fdc\u7528\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u5206\u5e03\u304c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306b\u5bfe\u79f0\u7684\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306b\u96fb\u5834\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u985e\u4f3c\u3057\u305f\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u30a2\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u78c1\u6c17\u306b\u985e\u4f3c\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30ac\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306f4\u3064\u306e\u30de\u30af\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08\u6700\u521d\u306e\u3082\u306e\uff09\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u96fb\u78c1\u6c17\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u96fb\u8377\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u30af\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\uff08\u8a18\u53f7: C\uff09\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u5358\u4f4d\u7cfb\uff08SI\uff09\u306e\u96fb\u8377\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u306f\u30011\u79d2\u9593\u306b1\u30a2\u30f3\u30da\u30a2\u306e\u96fb\u6d41\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8f38\u9001\u3055\u308c\u308b\u96fb\u6c17\u91cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u30011 C = 1 A \u00d7 1 s\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Gauss-law-definition.png\" alt=\"Gauss's law\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20px;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/electrostatics\/gausss-law\/\">Original 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