{"id":82287,"date":"2024-01-14T13:12:20","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:12:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/types-de-piles-aa-alcalines-rechargeables-et-lithium-metal\/"},"modified":"2024-01-23T12:58:13","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T12:58:13","slug":"types-de-piles-aa-alcalines-rechargeables-et-lithium-metal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/types-de-piles-aa-alcalines-rechargeables-et-lithium-metal\/","title":{"rendered":"Types de piles AA | Alcalines, rechargeables et lithium-m\u00e9tal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Types de Piles AA<\/h2>\n

La pile AA, une des formes les plus courantes de batteries cylindriques mono-cellulaires, est largement r\u00e9pandue dans les appareils \u00e9lectroniques portables. Les caract\u00e9ristiques telles que la tension de terminaison, la capacit\u00e9 et les taux de d\u00e9charge pratiques varient en fonction de la chimie de la cellule. N\u00e9anmoins, la plupart des appareils con\u00e7us pour les piles AA n’acceptent que des tensions de 1.2 \u00e0 1.5 V, sauf indication contraire du fabricant.<\/p>\n

Types de Piles AA Primaires<\/h2>\n

Les piles primaires, ou piles jetables, sont con\u00e7ues pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es jusqu’\u00e0 \u00e9puisement puis jet\u00e9es. Elles sont id\u00e9ales pour des appareils \u00e0 faible consommation, utilis\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re intermittente ou \u00e9loign\u00e9s d’une source d’alimentation alternative. Ces piles ont une densit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique sup\u00e9rieure aux piles secondaires rechargeables, mais une forte imp\u00e9dance interne limitant leur capacit\u00e9 en cas de forts courants de d\u00e9charge.<\/p>\n

Pile alcaline<\/h3>\n

La pile alcaline (code IEC: L) fonctionne gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la r\u00e9action \u00e9lectrochimique entre le zinc et le dioxyde de mangan\u00e8se (MnO2<\/sub>) en pr\u00e9sence d’un \u00e9lectrolyte alcalin. Introduite sur le march\u00e9 en 1959, elle est devenue plus courante que la pile zinc-carbone vers 1980.<\/p>\n

Pile au lithium m\u00e9tal<\/h3>\n

Les piles \u00e0 base de lithium m\u00e9tallique poss\u00e8dent le taux d’auto-d\u00e9charge le plus faible, offrant ainsi une dur\u00e9e de vie en stockage allant jusqu’\u00e0 10 ans. Elles sont id\u00e9ales pour des performances \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Pile zinc-carbone<\/h3>\n

La pile zinc-carbone, ou cellule Leclanch\u00e9, est la premi\u00e8re pile s\u00e8che commerciale, d\u00e9riv\u00e9e de la technologie de la cellule humide Leclanch\u00e9. Elle g\u00e9n\u00e8re environ 1.5 volts entre l’anode en zinc et une tige de carbone entour\u00e9e par l’\u00e9lectrode de dioxyde de mangan\u00e8se.<\/p>\n

Pile zinc-chloride<\/h3>\n

Am\u00e9lioration de la cellule zinc-carbone, la pile zinc-chloride offre une dur\u00e9e de vie et une stabilit\u00e9 de tension sup\u00e9rieures, particuli\u00e8rement en usage continu ou pour des applications \u00e0 forte d\u00e9charge.<\/p>\n

Types de Piles AA Secondaires<\/h2>\n

Les piles secondaires, ou rechargeables, bien que plus co\u00fbteuses, sont avantageuses dans des applications \u00e0 forte consommation du fait de leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre recharg\u00e9es. Cependant, elles sont moins adapt\u00e9es comme source d’\u00e9nergie principale dans des applications \u00e0 faible d\u00e9charge en raison de leur auto-d\u00e9charge.<\/p>\n

Pile NiMH<\/h3>\n

La pile nickel-m\u00e9tal-hydrure (NiMH) poss\u00e8de une \u00e9lectrode positive en hydroxyde de nickel et une n\u00e9gative en alliage absorbant l’hydrog\u00e8ne. Introduite commercialement en 1989, elle est tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9e dans les v\u00e9hicules hybrides \u00e9lectriques et repr\u00e9sente 10% du march\u00e9 des piles rechargeables.<\/p>\n

Pile NiCd<\/h3>\n

La pile nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) utilise de l’hydroxyde de nickel Ni(O)(OH) comme cathode et du cadmium m\u00e9tallique comme anode. Bien qu’elle offre une longue dur\u00e9e de vie et une capacit\u00e9 de recharge rapide, elle peut souffrir de l’effet m\u00e9moire.<\/p>\n

\"Types<\/p>\n

\n Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Il existe plusieurs types de piles AA. La tension aux bornes exacte, la capacit\u00e9 et les taux de d\u00e9charge pratiques d\u00e9pendent de la chimie de la cellule.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5057,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\nTypes de piles AA | Alcalines, rechargeables et lithium-m\u00e9tal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il existe plusieurs types de piles AA. 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