{"id":82148,"date":"2024-01-14T13:05:53","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/voltmetre-de-type-electrostatique-description-caracteristiques\/"},"modified":"2024-01-23T12:50:08","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T12:50:08","slug":"voltmetre-de-type-electrostatique-description-caracteristiques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/voltmetre-de-type-electrostatique-description-caracteristiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Voltm\u00e8tre de type \u00e9lectrostatique | Description &#038; Caract\u00e9ristiques |"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Le Voltm\u00e8tre de Type \u00c9lectrostatique<\/h2>\n<p>Le voltm\u00e8tre de type \u00e9lectrostatique se distingue comme l&rsquo;unique voltm\u00e8tre capable de mesurer directement la tension \u00e9lectrique, plut\u00f4t que par l&rsquo;effet du courant. Ce type de voltm\u00e8tre est utilis\u00e9 pour mesurer de grands potentiels \u00e9lectriques sans contact physique, \u00e9vitant ainsi tout transfert de charge \u00e9lectrostatique ou charge de la source de tension. Il utilise la force d&rsquo;attraction entre deux surfaces charg\u00e9es pour provoquer une d\u00e9viation d&rsquo;une aiguille, calibr\u00e9e directement en volts. Un champ \u00e9lectrique statique est utilis\u00e9 pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer le couple de d\u00e9viation.<\/p>\n<p>La force d&rsquo;attraction est identique quelle que soit la polarit\u00e9 des surfaces charg\u00e9es (tant que la charge est oppos\u00e9e), permettant ainsi au voltm\u00e8tre \u00e9lectrostatique de mesurer des tensions continues de n&rsquo;importe quelle polarit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Autres Types de Voltm\u00e8tres<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Voltm\u00e8tre \u00e0 Bobine Mobile et Aimant Permanent (PMM)<\/li>\n<li>Voltm\u00e8tre \u00e0 Fer Mobile<\/li>\n<li>Voltm\u00e8tre Num\u00e9rique (DVM)<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9lectrodynamom\u00e8tre<\/li>\n<li>Voltm\u00e8tre de Type Redresseur<\/li>\n<li>Voltm\u00e8tre de Type Induction<\/li>\n<li>Voltm\u00e8tre de Type \u00c9lectrostatique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>L&rsquo;Analogie Hydraulique du Voltm\u00e8tre<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;analogie hydraulique, ou analogie \u00e9lectro-fluidique, est une analogie largement utilis\u00e9e entre l&rsquo;hydraulique et l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, utile pour l&rsquo;enseignement et la compr\u00e9hension des circuits. Elle est \u00e9galement applicable aux probl\u00e8mes de transfert de chaleur. Puisque le courant \u00e9lectrique est invisible et que les processus en jeu dans l&rsquo;\u00e9lectronique sont souvent difficiles \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer, les diff\u00e9rents composants \u00e9lectroniques sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par des \u00e9quivalents hydrauliques.<\/p>\n<p>La relation entre la tension et le courant est d\u00e9finie (dans les dispositifs ohmiques comme les r\u00e9sistances) par la loi d&rsquo;Ohm. La loi d&rsquo;Ohm est analogue \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9quation de Hagen-Poiseuille, car les deux mod\u00e8les sont lin\u00e9aires et relient le flux et le potentiel dans leurs syst\u00e8mes respectifs. L&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (ainsi que la chaleur) \u00e9tait \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine per\u00e7ue comme une sorte de fluide, et les noms de certaines quantit\u00e9s \u00e9lectriques (comme le courant) d\u00e9rivent de leurs \u00e9quivalents hydrauliques.<\/p>\n<p>La tension est semblable \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence de pression qui pousse l&rsquo;eau \u00e0 travers un tuyau. Elle est mesur\u00e9e en volts (V). Ce mod\u00e8le suppose que l&rsquo;eau s&rsquo;\u00e9coule horizontalement, de sorte que la force de gravit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre ignor\u00e9e. Ainsi, le voltm\u00e8tre est \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 une mesure de diff\u00e9rence de pression.<\/p>\n<h2>Article Suivant<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Electrostatic-Type-Voltmeter-description.png\" alt=\"Electrostatic Type Voltmeter\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20px;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/voltmeter\/electrostatic-type-voltmeter\/\">Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un voltm\u00e8tre \u00e9lectrostatique est utilis\u00e9 pour mesurer des potentiels \u00e9lectriques importants sans \u00e9tablir de contact physique et il n&rsquo;y a donc pas de transfert de charge \u00e9lectrostatique ni de chargement de la source de tension.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - 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