{"id":82138,"date":"2024-01-14T13:05:31","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:05:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/tres-basse-tension-tbe\/"},"modified":"2024-01-23T12:49:37","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T12:49:37","slug":"tres-basse-tension-tbe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/tres-basse-tension-tbe\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00e8s basse tension &#8211; TBE"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>La Tension Extra-Basse : Un Guide Complet<\/h2>\n<h2>D\u00e9finition de la Tension Extra-Basse (ELV)<\/h2>\n<p>La tension extra-basse (ELV) repr\u00e9sente un niveau de tension \u00e9lectrique pr\u00e9sentant un faible risque de choc \u00e9lectrique. Selon la Commission \u00c9lectrotechnique Internationale (CEI) et l&rsquo;IET du Royaume-Uni (BS 7671:2008), une tension extra-basse est d\u00e9finie comme \u00e9tant une tension de 50V ou moins (AC RMS) ou 120V ou moins (DC sans ondulation). Cette cat\u00e9gorie permet un contact humain avec le conducteur sous tension sans dommage, bien qu&rsquo;une l\u00e9g\u00e8re secousse puisse \u00eatre ressentie dans des conditions humides.<\/p>\n<h2>Classification des Niveaux de Tension<\/h2>\n<p>La production, la transmission et l&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique s&rsquo;effectuent \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents niveaux de tension. Il est important de noter que les d\u00e9finitions de ces niveaux varient entre la transmission et la distribution d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique et la conception \u00e9lectronique. De plus, diff\u00e9rentes tensions et fr\u00e9quences de r\u00e9seau sont utilis\u00e9es \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/p>\n<p>Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, le National Electrical Code (NEC) et la National Electrical Manufacturer&rsquo;s Association (NEMA) fournissent des directives couvrant toutes les classifications de tension. L&rsquo;American National Standards Institute (ANSI) supervise la cr\u00e9ation et l&rsquo;utilisation de milliers de normes affectant les entreprises.<\/p>\n<h2>Classification des Niveaux de Tension selon ANSI<\/h2>\n<p>Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, l&rsquo;ANSI d\u00e9finit les tensions nominales pour les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9lectriques de 60 Hz de plus de 100 V comme suit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basse tension : 240 \u00e0 600 V<\/li>\n<li>Moyenne tension : 2.4 \u00e0 69kV<\/li>\n<li>Haute tension : 115 kV \u00e0 230 kV<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00e8s haute tension : 345 kV \u00e0 765 kV<\/li>\n<li>Ultra haute tension : 1,100 kV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Classification des Niveaux de Tension &#8211; BS 7671<\/h2>\n<p>Le standard britannique BS 7671:2008 d\u00e9finit la haute tension comme toute diff\u00e9rence de tension entre conducteurs sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1000 VAC ou 1500 V DC sans ondulation, ou toute diff\u00e9rence de tension entre un conducteur et la Terre sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 600 VAC ou 900 V DC sans ondulation.<\/p>\n<h2>Classification des Niveaux de Tension &#8211; CEI<\/h2>\n<p>Dans le contexte du c\u00e2blage des b\u00e2timents et de l&rsquo;utilisation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des appareils \u00e9lectriques, la CEI d\u00e9finit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Haute tension : plus de 1,000 V (AC) et au-dessus de 1,500 V (DC)<\/li>\n<li>Basse tension : entre 50 et 1,000 V (AC) et entre 120 et 1,500 V (DC)<\/li>\n<li>Tension extra-basse : inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 50 V (AC) et 120 V (DC)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Les Tensions Typiques<\/h2>\n<p>Pour comparer diff\u00e9rents ordres de grandeur, voici une liste de niveaux de tension typiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1.5V (DC) &#8211; Tension ouverte commune pour les piles alcalines non rechargeables (ex. : AAA, AA, C)<\/li>\n<li>3.8V (DC) &#8211; Tension habituelle des batteries de smartphones<\/li>\n<li>12V (DC) &#8211; Tension courante pour les batteries automobiles<\/li>\n<li>110 &#8211; 120V (AC) &#8211; Tension des prises \u00e9lectriques dans les foyers am\u00e9ricains<\/li>\n<li>3kV &#8211; Tension n\u00e9cessaire pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer chaque 1mm d&rsquo;arc \u00e9lectrique<\/li>\n<li>110kV &#8211; Tension des lignes de transmission \u00e9lectrique<\/li>\n<li>300 MV &#8211; Tension typique d&rsquo;un \u00e9clair<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>FAQ sur la Tension \u00c9lectrique<\/h2>\n<p><b>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la haute tension ?<\/b> Selon la CEI, la haute tension est d\u00e9finie comme \u00e9tant sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1,000 V (AC) et au-dessus de 1,500 V (DC).<\/p>\n<p><b>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la basse tension ?<\/b> La basse tension est une tension \u00e9lectrique utilis\u00e9e principalement pour les appareils \u00e9lectriques commerciaux et l&rsquo;\u00e9clairage dans les foyers et l&rsquo;industrie. Selon l&rsquo;ANSI C84.1-2020, la basse tension est comprise entre 240 et 600 V. Selon la CEI, elle est entre 50 et 1,000 V (AC) et entre 120 et 1,500 V (DC).<\/p>\n<p><b>Quelles sont les tensions typiques pour les appareils domestiques ?<\/b> Les tensions typiques incluent 1.5V (DC) pour les piles, 3.8V (DC) pour les batteries de smartphones, 12V (DC) pour les batteries automobiles et 110 &#8211; 120V (AC) pour les prises \u00e9lectriques domestiques.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/extra-low-voltage-image.png\" alt=\"Extra-low Voltage - ELV\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20px;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/voltage\/extra-low-voltage-elv\/\">Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La tr\u00e8s basse tension (50 V ou moins (AC RMS) ou 120 V ou moins (DC sans ondulation)) est une tension \u00e9lectrique qui pr\u00e9sente un faible risque de choc \u00e9lectrique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2755,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - 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