{"id":82132,"date":"2024-01-14T13:05:18","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:05:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/classification-des-niveaux-de-tension-extra-eleve-eleve-moyen-faible\/"},"modified":"2024-01-23T12:48:52","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T12:48:52","slug":"classification-des-niveaux-de-tension-extra-eleve-eleve-moyen-faible","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/classification-des-niveaux-de-tension-extra-eleve-eleve-moyen-faible\/","title":{"rendered":"Classification des niveaux de tension &#8211; Extra-\u00e9lev\u00e9, \u00e9lev\u00e9, moyen, faible"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Classification des Niveaux de Tension : Extra-haute, Haute, Moyenne, Basse<\/h2>\n<p>La classification des niveaux de tension varie consid\u00e9rablement dans les domaines de la transmission et de la distribution de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique, comparativement \u00e0 la conception \u00e9lectronique. \u00c0 travers le monde, les tensions et les fr\u00e9quences de r\u00e9seau utilis\u00e9es diff\u00e8rent \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n<h2>Normes ANSI aux \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h2>\n<p>Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, l&rsquo;American National Standards Institute (ANSI) d\u00e9finit les normes de tension nominale pour les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9lectriques de 60 Hz de plus de 100 V. Selon la norme ANSI C84.1-2020, les classifications sont les suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basse tension : 240 \u00e0 600 V<\/li>\n<li>Moyenne tension : 2,4 \u00e0 69 kV<\/li>\n<li>Haute tension : 115 kV \u00e0 230 kV<\/li>\n<li>Extra-haute tension : 345 kV \u00e0 765 kV<\/li>\n<li>Ultra-haute tension : 1 100 kV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Normes BS 7671 au Royaume-Uni<\/h2>\n<p>La norme britannique BS 7671:2008 d\u00e9finit la haute tension comme toute diff\u00e9rence de tension sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1000 VAC ou 1500 V DC sans ondulation, ou toute diff\u00e9rence de tension entre un conducteur et la terre sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 600 VAC ou 900 V DC sans ondulation.<\/p>\n<h2>Normes IEC<\/h2>\n<p>La Commission \u00c9lectrotechnique Internationale d\u00e9finit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Haute tension : plus de 1 000 V en courant alternatif (CA) et au-del\u00e0 de 1 500 V en courant continu (CC)<\/li>\n<li>Basse tension : entre 50 et 1 000 V en CA et entre 120 et 1 500 V en CC<\/li>\n<li>Extra-basse tension : inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 50 V en CA et 120 V en CC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Classification par les \u00c9lectriciens<\/h2>\n<p>Le terme \u00ab\u00a0haute tension\u00a0\u00bb est utilis\u00e9 pour avertir les personnes non qualifi\u00e9es des dangers \u00e9lectriques potentiels. Pour les \u00e9lectriciens, il indique un seuil de risque \u00e9lev\u00e9. Des \u00e9quipements haute tension non prot\u00e9g\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre isol\u00e9s des espaces de travail, signal\u00e9s par des panneaux d&rsquo;avertissement, et prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par des barri\u00e8res verrouill\u00e9es ou un agent de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Les tensions sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 environ 50 volts peuvent \u00eatre dangereuses pour l&rsquo;homme.<\/p>\n<h2>Ing\u00e9nierie Automobile<\/h2>\n<p>En ing\u00e9nierie automobile, la haute tension est d\u00e9finie comme une tension dans la gamme de 30 \u00e0 1 000 VAC ou 60 \u00e0 1 500 VDC.<\/p>\n<h2>Tensions Typiques<\/h2>\n<p>Voici quelques exemples de tensions typiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1,5V (CC) : Tension ouverte typique pour les piles alcalines non rechargeables (AAA, AA, C)<\/li>\n<li>3,8V (CC) : Tension de presque toutes les batteries de smartphones<\/li>\n<li>12V (CC) : Tension commune pour les batteries d&rsquo;automobile<\/li>\n<li>110 &#8211; 120V (CA) : Tension la plus commune dans les foyers am\u00e9ricains<\/li>\n<li>3 kV : Tension n\u00e9cessaire pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer chaque 1 mm d&rsquo;un arc \u00e9lectrique<\/li>\n<li>110 kV : Tension dans les lignes de transmission de puissance \u00e9lectrique<\/li>\n<li>300 MV : Tension typique d&rsquo;un \u00e9clair<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la haute tension ?<\/strong><br \/> Selon l&rsquo;IEC, c&rsquo;est plus de 1 000 V en CA et au-del\u00e0 de 1 500 V en CC.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la basse tension ?<\/strong><br \/> Selon l&rsquo;ANSI C84.1-2020, c&rsquo;est entre 240 et 600 V. Selon l&rsquo;IEC, c&rsquo;est entre 50 et 1 000 V en CA et entre 120 et 1 500 V en CC.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Quelles sont les tensions typiques pour les appareils domestiques ?<\/strong><br \/> 1,5V (CC) pour les piles alcalines, 3,8V (CC) pour les batteries de smartphones, 12V (CC) pour les batteries d&rsquo;automobile, et 110 &#8211; 120V (CA) pour les prises \u00e9lectriques domestiques aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Classification-of-Voltage-Levels.png\" alt=\"Classification of Voltage Levels - Extra-high, High, Medium, Low\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20px;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/voltage\/classification-of-voltage-levels-extra-high-high-medium-low\/\">Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diff\u00e9rentes d\u00e9finitions de la haute et de la basse tension sont utilis\u00e9es dans le transport et la distribution d\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique, par rapport \u00e0 la conception \u00e9lectronique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - 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