{"id":80984,"date":"2024-01-14T13:03:50","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:03:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/loi-de-conservation-de-la-charge-electrique-declaration-et-exemple\/"},"modified":"2024-01-20T17:50:17","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T17:50:17","slug":"loi-de-conservation-de-la-charge-electrique-declaration-et-exemple","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/loi-de-conservation-de-la-charge-electrique-declaration-et-exemple\/","title":{"rendered":"Loi de conservation de la charge \u00e9lectrique | D\u00e9claration et exemple"},"content":{"rendered":"

Loi de Conservation de la Charge \u00c9lectrique<\/h2>\n

La charge \u00e9lectrique est une quantit\u00e9 physique et une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de la mati\u00e8re qui lui permet d’exp\u00e9rimenter une force lorsqu’elle est plac\u00e9e dans un champ \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique. En physique, deux principes concernant la charge \u00e9lectrique sont particuli\u00e8rement importants.<\/p>\n

Premier Principe : Conservation de la Charge \u00c9lectrique<\/h2>\n

La loi de conservation de la charge \u00e9lectrique stipule que la somme alg\u00e9brique de toutes les charges \u00e9lectriques dans un syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9 est constante. Cela signifie que la seule fa\u00e7on de changer la charge nette d’un syst\u00e8me est d’apporter une charge de l’ext\u00e9rieur ou d’enlever une charge du syst\u00e8me. La charge peut \u00eatre cr\u00e9\u00e9e et d\u00e9truite, mais uniquement en paires positif-n\u00e9gatif. La conservation de la charge est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une loi de conservation universelle, et aucune preuve exp\u00e9rimentale d’une violation de ce principe n’a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Charge \u00c9lectrique dans la D\u00e9croissance B\u00eata<\/h2>\n

Dans la physique des particules, la conservation de la charge signifie que dans les r\u00e9actions des particules \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires qui cr\u00e9ent des particules charg\u00e9es, des nombres \u00e9gaux de particules positives et n\u00e9gatives sont toujours cr\u00e9\u00e9s, maintenant ainsi la quantit\u00e9 nette de charge inchang\u00e9e. M\u00eame dans les interactions \u00e0 haute \u00e9nergie o\u00f9 les particules sont cr\u00e9\u00e9es et d\u00e9truites, comme la cr\u00e9ation de paires positon-\u00e9lectron, la charge totale de tout syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9 reste exactement constante.<\/p>\n

Deuxi\u00e8me Principe : La Quantification de la Charge<\/h2>\n

Le second principe important est que l’ampleur de la charge de l’\u00e9lectron ou du proton repr\u00e9sente une unit\u00e9 naturelle de charge. On dit que la charge est quantifi\u00e9e, c’est-\u00e0-dire que chaque quantit\u00e9 observable de charge \u00e9lectrique est toujours un multiple entier de cette unit\u00e9 de base. Cette unit\u00e9 est appel\u00e9e la charge \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire, e, \u00e9gale approximativement \u00e0 1.602\u00d710\u221219<\/sup> coulombs (\u00e0 l’exception des particules appel\u00e9es quarks, qui ont des charges qui sont des multiples entiers de 1\/3e).<\/p>\n

Questions Fr\u00e9quemment Pos\u00e9es<\/h2>\n

Quelles particules dans les atomes ont une charge \u00e9lectrique ?<\/h3>\n

Un atome est constitu\u00e9 d’un noyau charg\u00e9 positivement entour\u00e9 d’\u00e9lectrons charg\u00e9s n\u00e9gativement, de sorte que l’atome dans son ensemble est \u00e9lectriquement neutre. Le noyau atomique est compos\u00e9 de protons charg\u00e9s positivement et de neutrons neutres.<\/p>\n

Quelle est l’unit\u00e9 de la charge \u00e9lectrique ?<\/h3>\n

Le coulomb (symbole : C) est l’unit\u00e9 du Syst\u00e8me international d’unit\u00e9s (SI) de la charge \u00e9lectrique. Le coulomb a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9fini comme la quantit\u00e9 d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 transport\u00e9e en une seconde par un courant d’un amp\u00e8re : 1 C = 1 A \u00d7 1 s.<\/p>\n

Pourquoi la loi de conservation de la charge est-elle si importante ?<\/h3>\n

Ce concept est important pour toutes les r\u00e9actions nucl\u00e9aires – d\u00e9croissance alpha, d\u00e9croissance b\u00eata, d\u00e9croissance gamma, etc. – car il permet aux scientifiques de pr\u00e9dire la composition du produit final dans la r\u00e9action. Dans ces r\u00e9actions, un noyau se transforme en un type diff\u00e9rent de noyau ou de noyaux, tandis que la charge est conserv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\"Law<\/p>\n

\n Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La loi de conservation de la charge \u00e9lectrique stipule que la somme alg\u00e9brique de toutes les charges \u00e9lectriques dans tout syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9 est constante.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1912,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\nLoi de conservation de la charge \u00e9lectrique | D\u00e9claration et exemple<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La loi de conservation de la charge \u00e9lectrique stipule que la somme alg\u00e9brique de toutes les charges \u00e9lectriques dans tout syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9 est constante.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/loi-de-conservation-de-la-charge-electrique-declaration-et-exemple\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Loi de conservation de la charge \u00e9lectrique | D\u00e9claration et exemple\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La loi de conservation de la charge \u00e9lectrique stipule que la somme alg\u00e9brique de toutes les charges \u00e9lectriques dans tout syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9 est constante.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/loi-de-conservation-de-la-charge-electrique-declaration-et-exemple\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Electricity - Magnetism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-14T13:03:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-20T17:50:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/law-of-electric-charge-conservation-example.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Matan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Electricity - Magnetism\",\"description\":\"All about electricity and magnetism.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/fr\/loi-de-conservation-de-la-charge-electrique-declaration-et-exemple\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/law-of-electric-charge-conservation-example.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/law-of-electric-charge-conservation-example.png\",\"width\":800,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"Conservation of electric charge in beta decay. 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