{"id":80183,"date":"2024-01-14T13:17:42","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:17:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/tipos-de-semiconductores\/"},"modified":"2024-01-16T20:26:21","modified_gmt":"2024-01-16T20:26:21","slug":"tipos-de-semiconductores","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/es\/tipos-de-semiconductores\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipos de semiconductores"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tipos de Semiconductores<\/h2>\n<p>Los semiconductores son materiales inorg\u00e1nicos u org\u00e1nicos capaces de controlar su conductividad en funci\u00f3n de su estructura qu\u00edmica, temperatura, iluminaci\u00f3n y presencia de dopantes. Estos materiales poseen una conductividad el\u00e9ctrica intermedia entre un metal, como el cobre o el oro, y un aislante, como el vidrio. La caracter\u00edstica distintiva de los semiconductores es su brecha de energ\u00eda de menos de 4eV (aproximadamente 1eV). En f\u00edsica del estado s\u00f3lido, esta brecha energ\u00e9tica o banda prohibida es un rango de energ\u00eda entre la banda de valencia y la banda de conducci\u00f3n donde los estados electr\u00f3nicos est\u00e1n prohibidos.<\/p>\n<h2>Semiconductores Intr\u00ednsecos y Extr\u00ednsecos<\/h2>\n<p>Los semiconductores se clasifican en dos tipos b\u00e1sicos seg\u00fan sus propiedades electr\u00f3nicas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Semiconductores Intr\u00ednsecos:<\/strong> Estos son semiconductores puros compuestos por un solo elemento (por ejemplo, Silicio, Germanio) sin dopaje intencional de impurezas. Los semiconductores intr\u00ednsecos conducen electricidad al calentarse, permitiendo que algunos electrones ganen suficiente energ\u00eda para liberarse de sus enlaces y convertirse en electrones libres en la banda de conducci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Semiconductores Extr\u00ednsecos:<\/strong> Estos son semiconductores impuros dopados intencionalmente con impurezas para cambiar sus propiedades electr\u00f3nicas. Se dividen en:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Semiconductores tipo p:<\/strong> En estos, se introducen \u00e1tomos de impurezas como el boro en el material semiconductor. Estas impurezas tienen menos electrones de valencia que el material semiconductor, creando \u00abhuecos\u00bb en la banda de valencia que pueden conducir corriente como portadores de carga positiva.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Semiconductores tipo n:<\/strong> Aqu\u00ed se introducen \u00e1tomos de impurezas como el f\u00f3sforo. Estas impurezas tienen m\u00e1s electrones de valencia que el material semiconductor, creando exceso de electrones en la banda de conducci\u00f3n que pueden conducir corriente como portadores de carga negativa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Propiedades Clave de Algunos Semiconductores<\/h2>\n<p>A continuaci\u00f3n, se presenta una tabla con tres semiconductores intr\u00ednsecos y dos semiconductores extr\u00ednsecos tipo p y tipo n, junto con cuatro propiedades clave:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Semiconductor<\/th>\n<th>Tipo<\/th>\n<th>Brecha de Banda (eV)<\/th>\n<th>Movilidad de Electrones (cm<sup>2<\/sup>\/Vs)<\/th>\n<th>Movilidad de Huecos (cm<sup>2<\/sup>\/Vs)<\/th>\n<th>Conductividad T\u00e9rmica (W\/mK)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Silicio (Si)<\/td>\n<td>Intr\u00ednseco<\/td>\n<td>1.12<\/td>\n<td>1500<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Germanio (Ge)<\/td>\n<td>Intr\u00ednseco<\/td>\n<td>0.67<\/td>\n<td>3900<\/td>\n<td>1900<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Arseniuro de Galio (GaAs)<\/td>\n<td>Intr\u00ednseco<\/td>\n<td>1.43<\/td>\n<td>8500<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<td>46<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Silicio dopado con Boro (p-Si)<\/td>\n<td>p-tipo<\/td>\n<td>1.12<\/td>\n<td>1500<\/td>\n<td>1800<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Silicio dopado con F\u00f3sforo (n-Si)<\/td>\n<td>n-tipo<\/td>\n<td>1.12<\/td>\n<td>1500<\/td>\n<td>4500<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Materiales Semiconductores M\u00e1s Conocidos<\/h2>\n<p>Los tipos de semiconductores m\u00e1s conocidos son el silicio (Si) y el germanio (<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/logo.png\" alt=\"Types of Semiconductors\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20px;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/types-of-semiconductors\/\">Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los semiconductores se pueden clasificar en dos tipos b\u00e1sicos seg\u00fan sus propiedades electr\u00f3nicas: intr\u00ednsecos y extr\u00ednsecos. Los semiconductores extr\u00ednsecos se pueden clasificar en dos tipos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1582,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tipos de semiconductores<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Los semiconductores se pueden clasificar en dos tipos b\u00e1sicos seg\u00fan sus propiedades electr\u00f3nicas: intr\u00ednsecos y extr\u00ednsecos. 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