{"id":79998,"date":"2024-01-14T13:10:01","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T13:10:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/bateria-de-hidruro-metalico-de-niquel-como-funciona-reaccion-y-quimica\/"},"modified":"2024-01-16T20:17:42","modified_gmt":"2024-01-16T20:17:42","slug":"bateria-de-hidruro-metalico-de-niquel-como-funciona-reaccion-y-quimica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/es\/bateria-de-hidruro-metalico-de-niquel-como-funciona-reaccion-y-quimica\/","title":{"rendered":"Bater\u00eda de hidruro met\u00e1lico de n\u00edquel: c\u00f3mo funciona | Reacci\u00f3n y Qu\u00edmica"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Bater\u00eda de Hidruro Met\u00e1lico de N\u00edquel &#8211; Funcionamiento<\/h2>\n<h2>Introducci\u00f3n a las Bater\u00edas NiMH<\/h2>\n<p>La bater\u00eda de hidruro met\u00e1lico de n\u00edquel (NiMH) es un tipo de bater\u00eda recargable que se introdujo comercialmente en 1989. Compuesta por un electrodo positivo de hidr\u00f3xido de n\u00edquel y un electrodo negativo de un hidruro met\u00e1lico (una aleaci\u00f3n absorbente de hidr\u00f3geno), estas bater\u00edas han ganado popularidad, especialmente en veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos h\u00edbridos. Representan el 10% del mercado total de bater\u00edas recargables, ofreciendo un 40% m\u00e1s de energ\u00eda espec\u00edfica en comparaci\u00f3n con las bater\u00edas de NiCd (n\u00edquel-cadmio).<\/p>\n<h2>Composici\u00f3n y Qu\u00edmica de la Bater\u00eda NiMH<\/h2>\n<p>Una celda t\u00edpica de NiMH contiene:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1todo: Una placa de electrodo positivo de \u00f3xido-hidr\u00f3xido de n\u00edquel(III).<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1nodo: Una aleaci\u00f3n hidruro met\u00e1lica que absorbe hidr\u00f3geno.<\/li>\n<li>Separador.<\/li>\n<li>Electrolito: Una soluci\u00f3n alcalina de hidr\u00f3xido de potasio (KOH).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>El material M en el electrodo negativo de una celda NiMH es un compuesto intermet\u00e1lico. Se han desarrollado diversas aleaciones para esta aplicaci\u00f3n, siendo las basadas en los intermet\u00e1licos AB<sub>5<\/sub> las m\u00e1s importantes y vers\u00e1tiles comercialmente.<\/p>\n<h2>Funcionamiento de la Bater\u00eda NiMH<\/h2>\n<p>En el \u00e1nodo, durante la descarga, el hidr\u00f3geno ligado en el hidruro met\u00e1lico MH se oxida, formando un prot\u00f3n y metal en estado de oxidaci\u00f3n 0 seg\u00fan la reacci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<p>MH + OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> \u2192 M + H<sub>2<\/sub>O + e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Los protones resultantes reaccionan con los iones hidr\u00f3xido de la soluci\u00f3n KOH para formar agua. El potencial redox es aproximadamente -0.83 V.<\/p>\n<p>El separador contiene el electrolito y evita el contacto directo con el electrodo positivo. El c\u00e1todo consiste en una hoja de hidr\u00f3xido de n\u00edquel y \u00f3xido de n\u00edquel hidratado. Aqu\u00ed, el n\u00edquel en estado de oxidaci\u00f3n +III se reduce a n\u00edquel en estado de oxidaci\u00f3n +II:<\/p>\n<p>NiO(OH) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O + e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> \u2192 Ni(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> + OH<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La reacci\u00f3n global durante la descarga es:<\/p>\n<p>NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> + M<\/p>\n<p>Este proceso hace que este polo se convierta en el electrodo positivo. El voltaje redox de la reducci\u00f3n es aproximadamente 0.49 V. El voltaje total de la reacci\u00f3n redox es E<sub>0<\/sub> = 0.49V &#8211; ( &#8211; 0.83V) = 1.32V.<\/p>\n<h2>Energ\u00eda Espec\u00edfica y Precauciones<\/h2>\n<p>La energ\u00eda espec\u00edfica de una celda NiMH es de aproximadamente 80 Wh\/kg, casi tan alta como la de una celda alcalina y m\u00e1s del doble que la de una bater\u00eda NiCd. Sin embargo, las bater\u00edas NiMH son sensibles a la sobrecarga, el sobrecalentamiento, la polaridad incorrecta y la descarga profunda.<\/p>\n<h2>Ventajas y Aplicaciones<\/h2>\n<p>Las bater\u00edas NiMH ofrecen varias ventajas sobre las NiCd, incluyendo mayor capacidad y menor efecto memoria. Su ausencia de cadmio t\u00f3xico las hace m\u00e1s amigables con el medio ambiente. Hoy en d\u00eda, su uso es extenso en veh\u00edculos h\u00edbridos el\u00e9ctricos y en dispositivos port\u00e1tiles como computadoras personales.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/NiMH-battery-principle-of-operation.png\" alt=\"Nickel Metal Hydride Battery - How it works\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20px;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/electric-battery\/nickel-metal-hydride-battery-how-it-works\/\">Original Article<\/a>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bater\u00eda de hidruro met\u00e1lico de n\u00edquel: c\u00f3mo funciona. La reacci\u00f3n general durante la descarga es: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. El voltaje total de la reacci\u00f3n redox es, por tanto, E0 = 0,49 V &#8211; ( &#8211; 0,83 V) = 1,32 V.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bater\u00eda de hidruro met\u00e1lico de n\u00edquel: c\u00f3mo funciona | Reacci\u00f3n y Qu\u00edmica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bater\u00eda de hidruro met\u00e1lico de n\u00edquel: c\u00f3mo funciona. La reacci\u00f3n general durante la descarga es: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. El voltaje total de la reacci\u00f3n redox es, por tanto, E0 = 0,49 V - ( - 0,83 V) = 1,32 V.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/es\/bateria-de-hidruro-metalico-de-niquel-como-funciona-reaccion-y-quimica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bater\u00eda de hidruro met\u00e1lico de n\u00edquel: c\u00f3mo funciona | Reacci\u00f3n y Qu\u00edmica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bater\u00eda de hidruro met\u00e1lico de n\u00edquel: c\u00f3mo funciona. La reacci\u00f3n general durante la descarga es: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. 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La reacci\u00f3n general durante la descarga es: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. El voltaje total de la reacci\u00f3n redox es, por tanto, E0 = 0,49 V - ( - 0,83 V) = 1,32 V.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.electricity-magnetism.org\/es\/bateria-de-hidruro-metalico-de-niquel-como-funciona-reaccion-y-quimica\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Bater\u00eda de hidruro met\u00e1lico de n\u00edquel: c\u00f3mo funciona | Reacci\u00f3n y Qu\u00edmica","og_description":"Bater\u00eda de hidruro met\u00e1lico de n\u00edquel: c\u00f3mo funciona. La reacci\u00f3n general durante la descarga es: NiO(OH) + MH \u2192 Ni(OH)2 + M. 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